Assignment 7
By what age has English-speaking children mastered the following sounds at two word positions (beg.
and end): n, m, p, b, h, k, g, f, w, j, t, and d? - (correct Answer) - Age 3
By what age have children mastered s, z, l, r, sh, and ch? - (correct Answer) - End of the preschool years
What age have children mastered voiced and voiceless th and dʒ? - (correct Answer) - Early school-age
years; around age 8
T/F The sequence of acquisition for other languages can occur in a different order. - (correct Answer) -
True
Morphophonemic knowledge - (correct Answer) - Knowledge of changes in sound production that result
in changes of meaning
-Plurals
-Change of root word and ending (vain to vanity)
-Stress
What is the primary language developments in the first two years of life? - (correct Answer) - The use of
single-word utterances to express meaning
At what age does the child start to use two-word utterances that gradually increase in length and
complexity from there? - (correct Answer) - Age 18 months; occurring through the toddler years, but
more significantly through the preschool-age years
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) - (correct Answer) - A linguistic measure that is calculated by dividing
the total number of morphemes present in a child's spontaneous language productions by the total
number of utterances within that same sample.
Morpheme - (correct Answer) - The smallest parts of words that carry linguistic meaning and constitute
the smallest linguistic unit of meaning that cannot be broken into smaller components without
destroying meaning
Free Morpheme - (correct Answer) - A morpheme that can independently convey meaning
Bound Morpheme - (correct Answer) - A morpheme that must be attached to another to convey
meaning
What are some common bound morphemes found in children's early language? - (correct Answer) - -s
(plurality)
-ed
third person singular -s
T/F Roger Brown's stages of language development are still used today. - (correct Answer) - True
, T/F Children do not tend to overgeneralize the rules of language acquisition - (correct Answer) - False;
Children do overgeneralize using goed instead of went and runned instead of ran
U-Shaped Learning Effect - (correct Answer) - A child may produce correct morpheme usage, followed by
incorrect usage, and then produce the correct usage again (i.e. learning first through rote learning, learn
the rule and overgeneralize, then use the rule correctly with correct generalization)
How many Stages of Acquisition did Brown use? - (correct Answer) - Five stages
Stage 1 - (correct Answer) - Is characterized by use of single-word utterances that express early emerging
knowledge
MLU and Age range (w/i 1 SD) of Early Stage 1 - (correct Answer) - -1.01-1.49
-19-22 months
-16-26 months
MLU and Age range of Late Stage 1 - (correct Answer) - -1.5-1.99
-23-26 months
-18-31 months
Stage 2 - (correct Answer) - Characterized by the appearance of the first English grammatical morphemes
MLU and Age range of Stage 2 - (correct Answer) - -2.0-2.49
-27-30 months
-21-35 months
Stage 3 - (correct Answer) - Characterized by the beginning use of simple sentence forms
MLU and Age range of Stage 3 - (correct Answer) - -2.5-2.99
-31-34 months
-24-41 months
Stage 4 - (correct Answer) - -Characterized by the emergence of more complex sentences with
embedded phrases and clauses
MLU and Age range of Early Stage 4 - (correct Answer) - -3.0-3.49
-35-38 months
-28-45 months
Stage 5 - (correct Answer) - Characterized by the emerging use of complex sentences containing
conjoined clauses
MLU and Age range of Late Stage 4/Early Stage 5 - (correct Answer) - -3.5-3.99
By what age has English-speaking children mastered the following sounds at two word positions (beg.
and end): n, m, p, b, h, k, g, f, w, j, t, and d? - (correct Answer) - Age 3
By what age have children mastered s, z, l, r, sh, and ch? - (correct Answer) - End of the preschool years
What age have children mastered voiced and voiceless th and dʒ? - (correct Answer) - Early school-age
years; around age 8
T/F The sequence of acquisition for other languages can occur in a different order. - (correct Answer) -
True
Morphophonemic knowledge - (correct Answer) - Knowledge of changes in sound production that result
in changes of meaning
-Plurals
-Change of root word and ending (vain to vanity)
-Stress
What is the primary language developments in the first two years of life? - (correct Answer) - The use of
single-word utterances to express meaning
At what age does the child start to use two-word utterances that gradually increase in length and
complexity from there? - (correct Answer) - Age 18 months; occurring through the toddler years, but
more significantly through the preschool-age years
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) - (correct Answer) - A linguistic measure that is calculated by dividing
the total number of morphemes present in a child's spontaneous language productions by the total
number of utterances within that same sample.
Morpheme - (correct Answer) - The smallest parts of words that carry linguistic meaning and constitute
the smallest linguistic unit of meaning that cannot be broken into smaller components without
destroying meaning
Free Morpheme - (correct Answer) - A morpheme that can independently convey meaning
Bound Morpheme - (correct Answer) - A morpheme that must be attached to another to convey
meaning
What are some common bound morphemes found in children's early language? - (correct Answer) - -s
(plurality)
-ed
third person singular -s
T/F Roger Brown's stages of language development are still used today. - (correct Answer) - True
, T/F Children do not tend to overgeneralize the rules of language acquisition - (correct Answer) - False;
Children do overgeneralize using goed instead of went and runned instead of ran
U-Shaped Learning Effect - (correct Answer) - A child may produce correct morpheme usage, followed by
incorrect usage, and then produce the correct usage again (i.e. learning first through rote learning, learn
the rule and overgeneralize, then use the rule correctly with correct generalization)
How many Stages of Acquisition did Brown use? - (correct Answer) - Five stages
Stage 1 - (correct Answer) - Is characterized by use of single-word utterances that express early emerging
knowledge
MLU and Age range (w/i 1 SD) of Early Stage 1 - (correct Answer) - -1.01-1.49
-19-22 months
-16-26 months
MLU and Age range of Late Stage 1 - (correct Answer) - -1.5-1.99
-23-26 months
-18-31 months
Stage 2 - (correct Answer) - Characterized by the appearance of the first English grammatical morphemes
MLU and Age range of Stage 2 - (correct Answer) - -2.0-2.49
-27-30 months
-21-35 months
Stage 3 - (correct Answer) - Characterized by the beginning use of simple sentence forms
MLU and Age range of Stage 3 - (correct Answer) - -2.5-2.99
-31-34 months
-24-41 months
Stage 4 - (correct Answer) - -Characterized by the emergence of more complex sentences with
embedded phrases and clauses
MLU and Age range of Early Stage 4 - (correct Answer) - -3.0-3.49
-35-38 months
-28-45 months
Stage 5 - (correct Answer) - Characterized by the emerging use of complex sentences containing
conjoined clauses
MLU and Age range of Late Stage 4/Early Stage 5 - (correct Answer) - -3.5-3.99
