NRS 4140 - Natural Resource Policy and Planning - TRU Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest
Version 2025-2026
What is natural resource management? - AnswersUsing ecology based knowledge to make decisions
about how the landscape is going to be used.
What different perspectives are important when looking at how the land should be managed? -
Answers- Stakeholders
- TEK
- Western knowledge
- Social/economic, ecologic
What is 'tragedy of the commons' - Answersan economic problem where the individual consumes a
resource at the expense of society (e.g. oil company making money leading to climate change)
Examples of changes in natural resource management - Answers- Forestry has changed to a perspective
of abundance of forest to managing for sustainability and less logging of Old Growth forests due to
social pressures
- Watershed stewardship to conserve riparian areas
Terra Nullius - Answers- Key concept underpinning colonization
- Refers to territory without a master. Describes a space that can be inhabited but does not belong to a
state, meaning not owned.
Doctrine of discovery - Answers- Emerged as part of 'Age of Exploration' (post 1492).
- Gave license to explorers to claim vacant land (terra nullius) in the name of their sovereign
- Was used a legal and moral justification for colonial dispossession of sovereign Indigenous Nations
Indian Act (1876) - Answers- Federal law that governs in matters pertaining to Indian status, bands and
Indian reserves
- John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie were key to enactment
- Although numerous amendments, today it largely retains its original form
- Potlatch law (1884) restricts ceremonies under Indian Act
- Highly criticized, and it enabled the residential school system
Residential schools - Answers- Over 100 year legacy, last schools closed in 1990s
- Government financed, primarily run by catholic and protestant (Anglican) churches.
, Royal proclamation of 1763 - Answers- Document that set out the guidelines for European settlement of
Aboriginal territories in what is now North America
- Explicitly states that Aboriginal title has existed and continues to exist, and that all land would be
considered Aboriginal land until ceded by a treaty
Treaty - Answers- A formal, legally binding agreement between countries or groups
- Usually signed to define the respective rights of Aboriginal people and governments to use and enjoy
lands that Indigenous people traditionally occupied
Canada - physical attributes - Answers- Second largest country
- VERY low population density (225th out of 242 countries)
- 89% of canada is crown land, 94% of BC is crown land
Canada - economic attributes - Answers- One of the world's wealthiest nations with high standard of
living and quality of life
- 10th largest GDP
- Strong emphasis on trade and export
Canada - democratic principles - AnswersLiberal democracy - 'everyone is free, everyone is equal'
- Not equal by social standards or education, but by political choices - everyone over 18 can vote
Tension with liberty - Answers- Government needs to impose some guidelines to ensure that everyone
has liberty
Tension with equality - Answers- Everyone is free, but you have limitations so that you don't impose on
someone else's individuality
What is interregnum? - Answers- A brief pause where government is suspended.
- Occurs between two periods of office (at election time)
- Government can't have high level of planning because they don't know the future government's
viewpoints
2 types of democracy - Answersdirect and representative
Direct democracy - Answers- Everyone is involved in all political decisions.
- e.g. ancient greek (Athens/Sparta) when everyone gathered at town square to make decisions
- difficult at a larger scale
Version 2025-2026
What is natural resource management? - AnswersUsing ecology based knowledge to make decisions
about how the landscape is going to be used.
What different perspectives are important when looking at how the land should be managed? -
Answers- Stakeholders
- TEK
- Western knowledge
- Social/economic, ecologic
What is 'tragedy of the commons' - Answersan economic problem where the individual consumes a
resource at the expense of society (e.g. oil company making money leading to climate change)
Examples of changes in natural resource management - Answers- Forestry has changed to a perspective
of abundance of forest to managing for sustainability and less logging of Old Growth forests due to
social pressures
- Watershed stewardship to conserve riparian areas
Terra Nullius - Answers- Key concept underpinning colonization
- Refers to territory without a master. Describes a space that can be inhabited but does not belong to a
state, meaning not owned.
Doctrine of discovery - Answers- Emerged as part of 'Age of Exploration' (post 1492).
- Gave license to explorers to claim vacant land (terra nullius) in the name of their sovereign
- Was used a legal and moral justification for colonial dispossession of sovereign Indigenous Nations
Indian Act (1876) - Answers- Federal law that governs in matters pertaining to Indian status, bands and
Indian reserves
- John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie were key to enactment
- Although numerous amendments, today it largely retains its original form
- Potlatch law (1884) restricts ceremonies under Indian Act
- Highly criticized, and it enabled the residential school system
Residential schools - Answers- Over 100 year legacy, last schools closed in 1990s
- Government financed, primarily run by catholic and protestant (Anglican) churches.
, Royal proclamation of 1763 - Answers- Document that set out the guidelines for European settlement of
Aboriginal territories in what is now North America
- Explicitly states that Aboriginal title has existed and continues to exist, and that all land would be
considered Aboriginal land until ceded by a treaty
Treaty - Answers- A formal, legally binding agreement between countries or groups
- Usually signed to define the respective rights of Aboriginal people and governments to use and enjoy
lands that Indigenous people traditionally occupied
Canada - physical attributes - Answers- Second largest country
- VERY low population density (225th out of 242 countries)
- 89% of canada is crown land, 94% of BC is crown land
Canada - economic attributes - Answers- One of the world's wealthiest nations with high standard of
living and quality of life
- 10th largest GDP
- Strong emphasis on trade and export
Canada - democratic principles - AnswersLiberal democracy - 'everyone is free, everyone is equal'
- Not equal by social standards or education, but by political choices - everyone over 18 can vote
Tension with liberty - Answers- Government needs to impose some guidelines to ensure that everyone
has liberty
Tension with equality - Answers- Everyone is free, but you have limitations so that you don't impose on
someone else's individuality
What is interregnum? - Answers- A brief pause where government is suspended.
- Occurs between two periods of office (at election time)
- Government can't have high level of planning because they don't know the future government's
viewpoints
2 types of democracy - Answersdirect and representative
Direct democracy - Answers- Everyone is involved in all political decisions.
- e.g. ancient greek (Athens/Sparta) when everyone gathered at town square to make decisions
- difficult at a larger scale
