NURS 307 (Pediatrics)
Neuromuscular STUDY GUIDE FOR
QUIZ 6 ACCURATE AND VERIFIED
(Best to Pass Your Exam) WEST
COAST UNIVERSITY.
, QUIZ 6 STUDYGUIDE
Trauma
o Unintentional (accidental) injury
o Child abuse (non-accidental) injury
o Assess situation FIRST
o Children are susceptible to injury (don’t understand cause/effect, doing
high risk sports, poor center of gravity when walking)
Fractures
o Deformity/disruption of the bone
o Better to have fracture when younger because bones are mailable
(bendable) & makes recovery shorter & easier
▪ Epiphyseal injuries
• Weakest point of long bones is cartilage growth plate
(epiphyseal plate) – most common place where fractures
occur children
o Hasn’t completely calcified, very soft (point of
growth for long bones)
o Once bones have calcified – can’t grow anymore
• Any trauma to bone & its not fixed = growth abnormalities
• Treatment may include open reduction (align) & internal
fixation to prevent growth disturbances
o Ex: “I want to reduce the femur” = I want to align
(set in place) the femur
▪ Body will correct with osteoblasts naturally, our job = to make
sure its properly aligned (why we utilize casts, braces, tractions)
, o MOST COMMON BROKEN BONE IN CHILDREN = CLAVICLE (esp. younger
than 10)
o Always assess for abuse
▪ In skull linear fracture
▪ In body “nanny” fracture (spiral fracture)
• where yank on arm doing a spiral twisting pivoting force =
dislocates or causes fractures on arm
▪ Type of fracture should coincide with age activity level
o An infant who can’t walk shouldn’t have femoral fracture
(unless in motor vehicle accident or bad fall) – fractures in
infants are very RARE
o Risk factors
▪ Obesity
▪ Poor nutrition
▪ Developmental characteristics
▪ Play activities, sports
o Types
▪ Linear fracture
• Break in skull bone but does not move the bone
• Watch for abuse
▪ Spiral fracture
• Twisting or pivoting force often seen in arm
• Watch for abuse
▪ Complete fracture
• Complete break of the bone (bone fragments separated)
▪ Incomplete
• Bone fragments still attached
▪ Greenstick
• Incomplete break of bone
▪ Buckle (torus)
• Compression (compresses bone & bulge appears)
▪ Bend (plastic deformation)
• Entire bone bends in unaligned fashion, no more than 45
▪ Hinge
• Broke but hanging off like an hinge on the opposite end of
break
▪ Open (compound)
• Fracture occurs with open wound & bone protruding
▪ Comminuted
• Includes small fragments of bone that lie in tissue
o Can break or splinter into more than 2 fragments
▪ Transverse
• Break straight across bone
▪ Oblique
• Break is diagonal across bone
▪ Closed or simple
Neuromuscular STUDY GUIDE FOR
QUIZ 6 ACCURATE AND VERIFIED
(Best to Pass Your Exam) WEST
COAST UNIVERSITY.
, QUIZ 6 STUDYGUIDE
Trauma
o Unintentional (accidental) injury
o Child abuse (non-accidental) injury
o Assess situation FIRST
o Children are susceptible to injury (don’t understand cause/effect, doing
high risk sports, poor center of gravity when walking)
Fractures
o Deformity/disruption of the bone
o Better to have fracture when younger because bones are mailable
(bendable) & makes recovery shorter & easier
▪ Epiphyseal injuries
• Weakest point of long bones is cartilage growth plate
(epiphyseal plate) – most common place where fractures
occur children
o Hasn’t completely calcified, very soft (point of
growth for long bones)
o Once bones have calcified – can’t grow anymore
• Any trauma to bone & its not fixed = growth abnormalities
• Treatment may include open reduction (align) & internal
fixation to prevent growth disturbances
o Ex: “I want to reduce the femur” = I want to align
(set in place) the femur
▪ Body will correct with osteoblasts naturally, our job = to make
sure its properly aligned (why we utilize casts, braces, tractions)
, o MOST COMMON BROKEN BONE IN CHILDREN = CLAVICLE (esp. younger
than 10)
o Always assess for abuse
▪ In skull linear fracture
▪ In body “nanny” fracture (spiral fracture)
• where yank on arm doing a spiral twisting pivoting force =
dislocates or causes fractures on arm
▪ Type of fracture should coincide with age activity level
o An infant who can’t walk shouldn’t have femoral fracture
(unless in motor vehicle accident or bad fall) – fractures in
infants are very RARE
o Risk factors
▪ Obesity
▪ Poor nutrition
▪ Developmental characteristics
▪ Play activities, sports
o Types
▪ Linear fracture
• Break in skull bone but does not move the bone
• Watch for abuse
▪ Spiral fracture
• Twisting or pivoting force often seen in arm
• Watch for abuse
▪ Complete fracture
• Complete break of the bone (bone fragments separated)
▪ Incomplete
• Bone fragments still attached
▪ Greenstick
• Incomplete break of bone
▪ Buckle (torus)
• Compression (compresses bone & bulge appears)
▪ Bend (plastic deformation)
• Entire bone bends in unaligned fashion, no more than 45
▪ Hinge
• Broke but hanging off like an hinge on the opposite end of
break
▪ Open (compound)
• Fracture occurs with open wound & bone protruding
▪ Comminuted
• Includes small fragments of bone that lie in tissue
o Can break or splinter into more than 2 fragments
▪ Transverse
• Break straight across bone
▪ Oblique
• Break is diagonal across bone
▪ Closed or simple
