Comsae 114 Verified Multiple Choice and
Conceptual Actual Emended Exam Questions
With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. Phenytoin, Carbamazapine and Valproic Acid - ANSWER inhibits
neuronal high frequency firing by reducing the ability of sodium channels to
recover from inactivation.
2. Ethosuxomide - ANSWER believed to block T - type calcium channels in
thalamic neurons causing hyperpolarization and it is approved for the
treatment of absence seizures.
toxicity includes fatigue, GI distress, HEadache, Uriticaria and Stevens Johnson
syndrome.
3. 2 most common causes of pancreatitis - ANSWER alcohol and
gallstones.
4. AST:ALT ratio >2 signifies? - ANSWER alcoholic hepatitis
5. Hepatic Steatosis - ANSWER short term change with moderate alcohol
intake.
macrovesicular fatty change that may be reversible with cessation.
Macrovesicular steatosis Hepatocytes filled with fat droplets.
,6. Alcoholic Hepatitis - ANSWER requires sustained, long term
consumption. swollen and necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic
infiltration. Mallory bodies (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions) are
present.
AST>ALT (ratio usually >1.5)
7. Alcoholic cirrhosis - ANSWER final and irreversible form. micronodular,
irregularly shrunken liver with "hobnail" appearance. Sclerosis around
central vein (Zone III). has manifestations of chronic liver disease (e.g.
jaundice, hypoalbuminemia.
8. Reyes Syndrome - ANSWER rare, often fatal childhood
hepatoencephalopathy. findings include mitochondrial abnormalities, fatty
liver (microvascular fatty change), hypoglycemia, vomiting, hepatomegaly,
coma. Associated with viral infection (especially VZV and influenza B) that
has been treated with aspirin. MechanismL aspiring metabolites decrease
Beta oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme. Avoid
Aspirin in children, except in those with Kawasaki's disease.
9. Budd - chiary syndrome - ANSWER occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins
with centrilobular congestion and necrosis, leading to congestive liver
disease (hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain and eventual liver failure).
May develop varices and have visible abdominal and back veins. Absence of
JVD. associates with hypercoagulable state, polycythemia vera, pregnancy,
and hepatocellular carcinoma.
ADP receptor inhibitors
Ticlopidine
,prasugrel,
ticagrelor
10.Clopidogrel - ANSWER inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly
blocking ADP receptors. Inhibit fibrinogen binding by preventing
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from binding to fibrinogen. Used clinically for acute
coronary syndrome; coronary stending. decreases incidence or reccurence
of thrombotic stroke.
toxicity includes: for ticlopidine neutropenia, fever and mouth ulcers.
11.the stomach absorbs? - ANSWER water and alcohol
12.duodenum does - ANSWER digests lipids and absorbs iron (Fe2+ form)
13.Jejunum absorbs? - ANSWER main site of lipid and folate absorption
14.Zinc Deficiency - ANSWER manifests as poor wound healing, dermatitis,
skin ulcers, alopecia, decreased taste and smell, depression and diarrhea.
hypogonadism, decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic), dysgeusia,
anosmia. may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
15.Leser Trelat sign - ANSWER a sudden eruption of numerous suborrheic
keratoses which are greasy stuck on papules that commonly occur in elderly
patients.
this is an indicator of gastrointestinal cancer as wells as lung, breast and
genitourinary cancers. it is a sign of internal malignancy.
, 16.Chvostek's Sign - ANSWER on of the signs of tetany seen in
hypocalcemia. it is elicited when the facial nerve is trapped at the angle of
the mandible. over the masseter muscle. if the sign is positive, the facial
muscle will contract momntarily (twitch)
17.Hoffman's sign - ANSWER a tingline sensation triggered by a
mechanical stimulus in the distal part of an injured nerve. This sensation
radiates peripherally, from the point where it is triggeres to the cutaneous
distribution of the nerve. The tingling response can be compares with that
produced by a weak electric current.
18.Sister Mary Joseph sign - ANSWER a palpable nodule bulging into the
umbilicus due to abdominal or pelvic metastases of cancer. pancreatic
cancer is the most common cause, but other primary sites may be to blame
such as ovary or uterus.
19.Rovsings sign - ANSWER is a sign of appendicitis and refers to pain the
the right lower quadrent of the abdomen when the lower left quadrant is
palpates.
20.Normal Splitting - ANSWER Inspiration leads to a drop in intrathoracic
pressure which allows for an increase in venous return to the RV which
increases RV stroke volume which increases RV ejection time and delays
closure of the pulmonic valve. This decreases pulmonary impedance
(increasing capacity of the pulmonary circulation) also occurs during
inspiration, which contributes to delayes closure of pulmonic valve.
Conceptual Actual Emended Exam Questions
With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. Phenytoin, Carbamazapine and Valproic Acid - ANSWER inhibits
neuronal high frequency firing by reducing the ability of sodium channels to
recover from inactivation.
2. Ethosuxomide - ANSWER believed to block T - type calcium channels in
thalamic neurons causing hyperpolarization and it is approved for the
treatment of absence seizures.
toxicity includes fatigue, GI distress, HEadache, Uriticaria and Stevens Johnson
syndrome.
3. 2 most common causes of pancreatitis - ANSWER alcohol and
gallstones.
4. AST:ALT ratio >2 signifies? - ANSWER alcoholic hepatitis
5. Hepatic Steatosis - ANSWER short term change with moderate alcohol
intake.
macrovesicular fatty change that may be reversible with cessation.
Macrovesicular steatosis Hepatocytes filled with fat droplets.
,6. Alcoholic Hepatitis - ANSWER requires sustained, long term
consumption. swollen and necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic
infiltration. Mallory bodies (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions) are
present.
AST>ALT (ratio usually >1.5)
7. Alcoholic cirrhosis - ANSWER final and irreversible form. micronodular,
irregularly shrunken liver with "hobnail" appearance. Sclerosis around
central vein (Zone III). has manifestations of chronic liver disease (e.g.
jaundice, hypoalbuminemia.
8. Reyes Syndrome - ANSWER rare, often fatal childhood
hepatoencephalopathy. findings include mitochondrial abnormalities, fatty
liver (microvascular fatty change), hypoglycemia, vomiting, hepatomegaly,
coma. Associated with viral infection (especially VZV and influenza B) that
has been treated with aspirin. MechanismL aspiring metabolites decrease
Beta oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme. Avoid
Aspirin in children, except in those with Kawasaki's disease.
9. Budd - chiary syndrome - ANSWER occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins
with centrilobular congestion and necrosis, leading to congestive liver
disease (hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain and eventual liver failure).
May develop varices and have visible abdominal and back veins. Absence of
JVD. associates with hypercoagulable state, polycythemia vera, pregnancy,
and hepatocellular carcinoma.
ADP receptor inhibitors
Ticlopidine
,prasugrel,
ticagrelor
10.Clopidogrel - ANSWER inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly
blocking ADP receptors. Inhibit fibrinogen binding by preventing
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from binding to fibrinogen. Used clinically for acute
coronary syndrome; coronary stending. decreases incidence or reccurence
of thrombotic stroke.
toxicity includes: for ticlopidine neutropenia, fever and mouth ulcers.
11.the stomach absorbs? - ANSWER water and alcohol
12.duodenum does - ANSWER digests lipids and absorbs iron (Fe2+ form)
13.Jejunum absorbs? - ANSWER main site of lipid and folate absorption
14.Zinc Deficiency - ANSWER manifests as poor wound healing, dermatitis,
skin ulcers, alopecia, decreased taste and smell, depression and diarrhea.
hypogonadism, decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic), dysgeusia,
anosmia. may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
15.Leser Trelat sign - ANSWER a sudden eruption of numerous suborrheic
keratoses which are greasy stuck on papules that commonly occur in elderly
patients.
this is an indicator of gastrointestinal cancer as wells as lung, breast and
genitourinary cancers. it is a sign of internal malignancy.
, 16.Chvostek's Sign - ANSWER on of the signs of tetany seen in
hypocalcemia. it is elicited when the facial nerve is trapped at the angle of
the mandible. over the masseter muscle. if the sign is positive, the facial
muscle will contract momntarily (twitch)
17.Hoffman's sign - ANSWER a tingline sensation triggered by a
mechanical stimulus in the distal part of an injured nerve. This sensation
radiates peripherally, from the point where it is triggeres to the cutaneous
distribution of the nerve. The tingling response can be compares with that
produced by a weak electric current.
18.Sister Mary Joseph sign - ANSWER a palpable nodule bulging into the
umbilicus due to abdominal or pelvic metastases of cancer. pancreatic
cancer is the most common cause, but other primary sites may be to blame
such as ovary or uterus.
19.Rovsings sign - ANSWER is a sign of appendicitis and refers to pain the
the right lower quadrent of the abdomen when the lower left quadrant is
palpates.
20.Normal Splitting - ANSWER Inspiration leads to a drop in intrathoracic
pressure which allows for an increase in venous return to the RV which
increases RV stroke volume which increases RV ejection time and delays
closure of the pulmonic valve. This decreases pulmonary impedance
(increasing capacity of the pulmonary circulation) also occurs during
inspiration, which contributes to delayes closure of pulmonic valve.
