ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
1 2025/2026 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED) |
ALREADY GRADED A+
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss
Alps and has lost all his equipment and supplies in an
avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to
impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in
ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above Correct Answer C
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left
middle cerebral artery. The brain tissue supplied by this
artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this is
which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the
blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction
reduces oxygen content in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
Correct Answer A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to
liver cells can result in fat accumulation. Which of the
,following problems results in increased mobilization of free
fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia Correct Answer C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic
metabolism in cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in
which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells Correct Answer B
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an
excessive destruction of RBCs. This increase in RBC
destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above Correct Answer A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid
hormones. This will lead to ____________ of the thyroid
gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia Correct Answer B
,You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of
crepitus. Crepitus is associated with which of the
following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above Correct Answer C
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of
the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above Correct Answer D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. Correct Answer D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. Correct Answer D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
, d. hypertrophy. Correct Answer C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible
cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic
reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes Correct Answer D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion
causes rupture of small arterioles and release of free
radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of
free radical production from neutrophils that accumulated
in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the
function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the
previously ischemic cells. Correct Answer B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but
introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of
oxidative metabolism and are removed by endogenous
antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the
cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above Correct Answer B
1 2025/2026 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED) |
ALREADY GRADED A+
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss
Alps and has lost all his equipment and supplies in an
avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to
impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in
ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above Correct Answer C
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left
middle cerebral artery. The brain tissue supplied by this
artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this is
which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the
blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction
reduces oxygen content in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
Correct Answer A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to
liver cells can result in fat accumulation. Which of the
,following problems results in increased mobilization of free
fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia Correct Answer C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic
metabolism in cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in
which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells Correct Answer B
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an
excessive destruction of RBCs. This increase in RBC
destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above Correct Answer A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid
hormones. This will lead to ____________ of the thyroid
gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia Correct Answer B
,You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of
crepitus. Crepitus is associated with which of the
following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above Correct Answer C
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of
the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above Correct Answer D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. Correct Answer D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. Correct Answer D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
, d. hypertrophy. Correct Answer C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible
cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic
reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes Correct Answer D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion
causes rupture of small arterioles and release of free
radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of
free radical production from neutrophils that accumulated
in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the
function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the
previously ischemic cells. Correct Answer B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but
introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of
oxidative metabolism and are removed by endogenous
antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the
cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above Correct Answer B
