Taak 1 What is addiction?
1. What aspects are central in defining addiction?
2. What are the DSM-V criteria for diagnosing addiction?
3. How were the DSM-V criteria for addiction developed and how do they differ from the
DSM-IV criteria?
4. Does addiction always involve substance use or can you get addicted to anything?
Bron: Kartefelt-Winter et Al.
Verandering naar DSM-V:
● Substance-related Abuse and Dependency category has been relabeled Substance-
Related and Addictive Disorders and modified to include two subdivisions
○ Substance related disorders
○ Nonsubstance related disorders
■ Do not involve ingestion (=inname) of psychoactive substance
■ Behavioral addiction
● Gambling
● Internet gaming
● Etc.
● WHY: substance abuse was a very broad thing. It wasn’t different enough to
be really 2 different categories ( → TESTED)
Syndrome model of addiction:
● Distinguishes usefully the distal antecedents of an addiction (aetiological processes =
etiologische processen) from its multiple expressions and manifestations (the behaviors
and their symptoms)
, ● More investigations to substance addiction than to behavioral addiction
○ Not quite usable in behavioral addiction theories
● Definition behavioral addiction
○ A repeated behaviour leading to significant harm or distress.The behaviour is not
reduced by the person and persists over a significant period of time. The harm or
distress is of a functionally impairing nature’.
● Exclusion criteria
○ The behaviour is better explained by an underlying disorder (e.g. a depressive
disorder or impulse-controldisorder).
○ The functional impairment results from an activity that,although potentially
harmful, is the consequence of awillful choice (e.g. high-level sports).
○ The behaviour can be characterized as a period ofprolonged intensive
involvement that detracts timeand focus from other aspects of life, but does not
leadto significant functional impairment or distress for theindividual.
○ The behaviour is the result of a coping strategy.
→ first two exclusion criteria are crucial to consider when conceptualizing behavioral
addiction
● Which symptoms are useful and valid in behavioral addiction research?
○ Common set of symptoms in substance addiction
■ Salience
■ Mood modification
■ Tolerance
■ Withdrawal
■ Conflict and relapse
○ Some of the studies have often contended that these symptoms also can be
used to classify behavioral addiction
○ Examples
■ Study addiction
■ Work addiction
■ Dancing addiction
■ Mobile phone addiction
■ Social network site addiction
■ Fortune-telling addiction
■ Body image addiction
○ Diagnosis: meet five of nine criteria for positive diagnosis
■ Even though the symptoms in and of themselves are not indicative of
functional impairment in community samples
■ Also implicates that symptoms have an equal weight
■ This is inadequate → can lead to pathalogizing of common
behaviors
● Because for example using drugs every day one hour is way
worse than playing video games every day one hour
■ Instead: focus upon only 2 components
● Significant functional impairment ordistress as a direct
1. What aspects are central in defining addiction?
2. What are the DSM-V criteria for diagnosing addiction?
3. How were the DSM-V criteria for addiction developed and how do they differ from the
DSM-IV criteria?
4. Does addiction always involve substance use or can you get addicted to anything?
Bron: Kartefelt-Winter et Al.
Verandering naar DSM-V:
● Substance-related Abuse and Dependency category has been relabeled Substance-
Related and Addictive Disorders and modified to include two subdivisions
○ Substance related disorders
○ Nonsubstance related disorders
■ Do not involve ingestion (=inname) of psychoactive substance
■ Behavioral addiction
● Gambling
● Internet gaming
● Etc.
● WHY: substance abuse was a very broad thing. It wasn’t different enough to
be really 2 different categories ( → TESTED)
Syndrome model of addiction:
● Distinguishes usefully the distal antecedents of an addiction (aetiological processes =
etiologische processen) from its multiple expressions and manifestations (the behaviors
and their symptoms)
, ● More investigations to substance addiction than to behavioral addiction
○ Not quite usable in behavioral addiction theories
● Definition behavioral addiction
○ A repeated behaviour leading to significant harm or distress.The behaviour is not
reduced by the person and persists over a significant period of time. The harm or
distress is of a functionally impairing nature’.
● Exclusion criteria
○ The behaviour is better explained by an underlying disorder (e.g. a depressive
disorder or impulse-controldisorder).
○ The functional impairment results from an activity that,although potentially
harmful, is the consequence of awillful choice (e.g. high-level sports).
○ The behaviour can be characterized as a period ofprolonged intensive
involvement that detracts timeand focus from other aspects of life, but does not
leadto significant functional impairment or distress for theindividual.
○ The behaviour is the result of a coping strategy.
→ first two exclusion criteria are crucial to consider when conceptualizing behavioral
addiction
● Which symptoms are useful and valid in behavioral addiction research?
○ Common set of symptoms in substance addiction
■ Salience
■ Mood modification
■ Tolerance
■ Withdrawal
■ Conflict and relapse
○ Some of the studies have often contended that these symptoms also can be
used to classify behavioral addiction
○ Examples
■ Study addiction
■ Work addiction
■ Dancing addiction
■ Mobile phone addiction
■ Social network site addiction
■ Fortune-telling addiction
■ Body image addiction
○ Diagnosis: meet five of nine criteria for positive diagnosis
■ Even though the symptoms in and of themselves are not indicative of
functional impairment in community samples
■ Also implicates that symptoms have an equal weight
■ This is inadequate → can lead to pathalogizing of common
behaviors
● Because for example using drugs every day one hour is way
worse than playing video games every day one hour
■ Instead: focus upon only 2 components
● Significant functional impairment ordistress as a direct
