NURS 307 PEDIATRICS
(Pediatric Vital Signs & Dehydration
Management) LATEST UPDATE
2025-2024 STUDY GUIDE (A+
Verified and Graded) WEST COAST
UNIVERSITY
, QUIZ 4 STUDYGUIDE
VITAL SIGNS newborn – 18 y/o
Newborn/infant 0-30 days
o BP 65-75/40-50
o HR 110-160
o RR 30-60
Infant 30 days-1 year
o BP 75-100/40-60
o HR 100-150
o RR 30-50
Toddler 1-3 years
o BP 85-105/40-60
o HR 90-130
o RR 30-50
Preschooler 3-6 years
o BP 90-110/45-70
o HR 80-110
o RR 20-30
School age 6-12 years
o BP 100-120/60-80
o HR 70-100
o RR 18-25
Adolescents 12-20 years
o BP 110-130/60-80
o HR 55-90
o RR 12-20
Urine output 20-30 mL/hr is normal for pediatrics
o Dehydration
o Body fluid disturbance when output exceeds intake
▪ Fluid losses through skin, respiratory, urinary, or GI tract
o Type
▪ Isotonic
• Losing equal amounts of water and electrolytes (sodium) – most
common in children
, • Hypovolemic shock can happen
▪ Hypotonic
• Losing more electrolyte (sodium) than water
• Sodium <130
▪ Hypertonic
• Losing more fluid (water) than electrolytes (elevation in sodium) –
can be seen in children also
• Sodium >150
• Neuro changes (irritability, hyperreflexia, change in level of
consciousness)
o Risk factors – same as diarrhea risks
▪ Lack of clean water
▪ Lack of safe handling meat
▪ Lack of eating meat cooked through
▪ Not proper handwashing
▪ Not having vaccinations (2 vaccinations that prevent against GI
infection rotavirus, Hep A)
▪ Viral infection
▪ Raw food
▪ Antibiotics (concerned with C. diff) – antibiotics can kill good bacteria in
gut
o Clinical manifestations
▪ Mild
• Weight loss: 3-5% infants / 3-4% children
o Behavior
o Mucous membranes
o Anterior fontanel sunken*
o HR & BP within normal limits*
o Capillary refill greater than 2 sec*
▪ prolonged
o Slight thirst
o Weak distal pulses
▪ Moderate
• Weight loss: 6-9% infants / 6-8% children
o Capillary refill 2-4 sec*
▪ prolonged
o Thirst & irritability
o HR slightly increased*
o Normal to low BP*
o Mucous membranes dry
o Tears & skin turgor are decreased
(Pediatric Vital Signs & Dehydration
Management) LATEST UPDATE
2025-2024 STUDY GUIDE (A+
Verified and Graded) WEST COAST
UNIVERSITY
, QUIZ 4 STUDYGUIDE
VITAL SIGNS newborn – 18 y/o
Newborn/infant 0-30 days
o BP 65-75/40-50
o HR 110-160
o RR 30-60
Infant 30 days-1 year
o BP 75-100/40-60
o HR 100-150
o RR 30-50
Toddler 1-3 years
o BP 85-105/40-60
o HR 90-130
o RR 30-50
Preschooler 3-6 years
o BP 90-110/45-70
o HR 80-110
o RR 20-30
School age 6-12 years
o BP 100-120/60-80
o HR 70-100
o RR 18-25
Adolescents 12-20 years
o BP 110-130/60-80
o HR 55-90
o RR 12-20
Urine output 20-30 mL/hr is normal for pediatrics
o Dehydration
o Body fluid disturbance when output exceeds intake
▪ Fluid losses through skin, respiratory, urinary, or GI tract
o Type
▪ Isotonic
• Losing equal amounts of water and electrolytes (sodium) – most
common in children
, • Hypovolemic shock can happen
▪ Hypotonic
• Losing more electrolyte (sodium) than water
• Sodium <130
▪ Hypertonic
• Losing more fluid (water) than electrolytes (elevation in sodium) –
can be seen in children also
• Sodium >150
• Neuro changes (irritability, hyperreflexia, change in level of
consciousness)
o Risk factors – same as diarrhea risks
▪ Lack of clean water
▪ Lack of safe handling meat
▪ Lack of eating meat cooked through
▪ Not proper handwashing
▪ Not having vaccinations (2 vaccinations that prevent against GI
infection rotavirus, Hep A)
▪ Viral infection
▪ Raw food
▪ Antibiotics (concerned with C. diff) – antibiotics can kill good bacteria in
gut
o Clinical manifestations
▪ Mild
• Weight loss: 3-5% infants / 3-4% children
o Behavior
o Mucous membranes
o Anterior fontanel sunken*
o HR & BP within normal limits*
o Capillary refill greater than 2 sec*
▪ prolonged
o Slight thirst
o Weak distal pulses
▪ Moderate
• Weight loss: 6-9% infants / 6-8% children
o Capillary refill 2-4 sec*
▪ prolonged
o Thirst & irritability
o HR slightly increased*
o Normal to low BP*
o Mucous membranes dry
o Tears & skin turgor are decreased
