NURS 307 PEDIATRICS LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2024 STUDY GUIDE
(A+ Verified and Graded) WEST
COAST UNIVERSITY
, QUIZ STUDYGUIDE
o Blood enters through Superior/Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid
valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery to lungs
(oxygenated) come back to Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral valve Left
ventricle Aortic valve Aorta –
o 3 bronchiole branches at top of Aorta oxygenate head, brain, & upper
extremities; Aorta then extends going downwards into descending aorta that
“feeds” oxygenates your lower extremities & lower organs
o S1 Systole
o What’s filling up?
▪ Atriums b/c ventricles are contracting to get blood into pulmonary artery
& aorta while atriums are filling with blood
o S2 diastole
o What’s filling?
▪ Ventricles are filling & atriums are contracting
, ▪ Tricuspid & mitral (bicuspid) are open so blood can drain while aortic
valve & pulmonary valve are closed so they can fill
Cardiovascular changes at birth
Umbilical cord cut→ ↑systemic vascular resistance
↑ blood and pressure in LA and LV causes foramen ovale to close
Foramen oval is a small hole in between 2 atriums
Helps to bypass lungs
Ductus arteriosus constricts and closes within 10-15 hours after birth
Connects pulmonary artery & aorta
Doesn’t have to go to lungs
Why does patient need these structures in utero?
b/c they are using the placenta to get O2
Pediatric Cardiac Assessment and diagnostic testing
o Physical examination
▪ Heart sounds
▪ Murmurs – earliest way to tell if there’s something abnormal
▪ Respirations
• Are they tachypneic
• Having to work faster w/ HR or RR
▪ Color
• Is it usual for their ethnicity?
• Pale?
• Cyanotic?
• Could be problems w/ O2 not filling tissues
• Could be a problem w/ oxygenated blood not getting to
tissues
• Can be respiratory or cardiac manifestation
▪ Inspect skin
• Chest
• Any heaves? Bulging? When palpating chest – any vibrations?
▪ Fluid/hydration status
o Diagnostic testing
▪ Electrocardiogram – measuring electrical impulses
• Continuous cardiac monitor we assemble leads appropriately
• 3 leads – “smoke over fire” black over red
• White lead Right side of heart
• Black lead top Left
• Red lead lower Left (under breastbone) measuring RR
▪ EKG – looking at electrical impulses of heart
• Ex. Can detect Ischemia, injury, dysrhythmias, conduction delay
UPDATE 2025-2024 STUDY GUIDE
(A+ Verified and Graded) WEST
COAST UNIVERSITY
, QUIZ STUDYGUIDE
o Blood enters through Superior/Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid
valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery to lungs
(oxygenated) come back to Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral valve Left
ventricle Aortic valve Aorta –
o 3 bronchiole branches at top of Aorta oxygenate head, brain, & upper
extremities; Aorta then extends going downwards into descending aorta that
“feeds” oxygenates your lower extremities & lower organs
o S1 Systole
o What’s filling up?
▪ Atriums b/c ventricles are contracting to get blood into pulmonary artery
& aorta while atriums are filling with blood
o S2 diastole
o What’s filling?
▪ Ventricles are filling & atriums are contracting
, ▪ Tricuspid & mitral (bicuspid) are open so blood can drain while aortic
valve & pulmonary valve are closed so they can fill
Cardiovascular changes at birth
Umbilical cord cut→ ↑systemic vascular resistance
↑ blood and pressure in LA and LV causes foramen ovale to close
Foramen oval is a small hole in between 2 atriums
Helps to bypass lungs
Ductus arteriosus constricts and closes within 10-15 hours after birth
Connects pulmonary artery & aorta
Doesn’t have to go to lungs
Why does patient need these structures in utero?
b/c they are using the placenta to get O2
Pediatric Cardiac Assessment and diagnostic testing
o Physical examination
▪ Heart sounds
▪ Murmurs – earliest way to tell if there’s something abnormal
▪ Respirations
• Are they tachypneic
• Having to work faster w/ HR or RR
▪ Color
• Is it usual for their ethnicity?
• Pale?
• Cyanotic?
• Could be problems w/ O2 not filling tissues
• Could be a problem w/ oxygenated blood not getting to
tissues
• Can be respiratory or cardiac manifestation
▪ Inspect skin
• Chest
• Any heaves? Bulging? When palpating chest – any vibrations?
▪ Fluid/hydration status
o Diagnostic testing
▪ Electrocardiogram – measuring electrical impulses
• Continuous cardiac monitor we assemble leads appropriately
• 3 leads – “smoke over fire” black over red
• White lead Right side of heart
• Black lead top Left
• Red lead lower Left (under breastbone) measuring RR
▪ EKG – looking at electrical impulses of heart
• Ex. Can detect Ischemia, injury, dysrhythmias, conduction delay
