CMN 568 EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS
AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Hordeolum
An acute infection characterized by a localized red, swollen, acutely tender area on the upper or
lower lid that is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Topical atropine and pirenzepine
A selective muscarinic antagonist prevents the rate of nearsightedness (myopia) progression.
Internal hordeolum
Meibomian gland abscess that usually point onto the conjunctival surface of the lid. May lead to
generalized cellulitis of the lid.
External hordeolum (Stye)
Abscess of Zeis gland. Usually smaller than an internal hordeolum and on the lid margin.
Hordeolum treatment
- Warm compress
- Incision may be indicated if no resolution in 48 hours
- Bacitracin or erythromycin q3 hours during acute stage
Chalazion
Common granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland that may follow an internal
hordeolum. it is characterized by a hard, nontender swelling on the upper or lower lid with
redness and swelling of the adjacent conjunctiva.
Chalazion treatment
- Warm compress
- Incision and curettage if no resolution in 2-3 weeks
- Corticosteroid injection may also be effective
Blepharitis
Is a common chronic bilateral inflammatory condition of the lid margins.
AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Hordeolum
An acute infection characterized by a localized red, swollen, acutely tender area on the upper or
lower lid that is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Topical atropine and pirenzepine
A selective muscarinic antagonist prevents the rate of nearsightedness (myopia) progression.
Internal hordeolum
Meibomian gland abscess that usually point onto the conjunctival surface of the lid. May lead to
generalized cellulitis of the lid.
External hordeolum (Stye)
Abscess of Zeis gland. Usually smaller than an internal hordeolum and on the lid margin.
Hordeolum treatment
- Warm compress
- Incision may be indicated if no resolution in 48 hours
- Bacitracin or erythromycin q3 hours during acute stage
Chalazion
Common granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland that may follow an internal
hordeolum. it is characterized by a hard, nontender swelling on the upper or lower lid with
redness and swelling of the adjacent conjunctiva.
Chalazion treatment
- Warm compress
- Incision and curettage if no resolution in 2-3 weeks
- Corticosteroid injection may also be effective
Blepharitis
Is a common chronic bilateral inflammatory condition of the lid margins.
