Fundamentals NU 136 Chapter 25
Exam 2025 With 100% Correct
Answers
Identify the four main functions of water in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Act as a vehicle
for the transportation of substances to and from the cells.
- Aid heat regulation by providing perspiration, which evaporates
- Assist in maintenance of hydrogen (H+) balance in the body
- Serve as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
Where is the thirst mechanism located and how does it help control fluid balance in the body? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Located in the hypthalamus which helps control fluid balance in the
body. It monitors fluid volume and concentration.
When describing intracellular and extracellular water concentrations, explain what is meant by
isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Isotonic: Same concentration of
particles in intracellular fluids (ICF) and extracellular fluids (ECF)
- Hypertonic: Cells surrounded by solution that has a greater concentration of solute than cells
have. (Dehydrate cells and shrink)
- Hypotonic: Cells surrounded by a less concentrated than the cell has. (Overhydrated cells and
swelling of cell)
Define acidosis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Excess of acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the
blood and body tissues.
, Define active transport. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Force that can move molecules into cells
regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell.
Define alkalosis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the
blood and body fluids.
Define ascites. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the
peritoneal cavity.
Define dehydration. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Removal of water from a tissue.
Define diffusion. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The process by which substances move back and forth
across a membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout the available space.
Define edema. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Fluid in interstitial spaces.
Define electolytes. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Mineral or a salt that is dissolved in body fluid.
Define extracellular. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Outside of the cell.
Define filtration. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The movement of water and suspended substances
outward through a semipermeable membrane.
Define hydrostatic pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pressure exerted by fluid.
Define hypercalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Above normal level of calcium in the blood.
Define hyperchloremia. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Abnormally high chloride in the blood.
Exam 2025 With 100% Correct
Answers
Identify the four main functions of water in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Act as a vehicle
for the transportation of substances to and from the cells.
- Aid heat regulation by providing perspiration, which evaporates
- Assist in maintenance of hydrogen (H+) balance in the body
- Serve as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
Where is the thirst mechanism located and how does it help control fluid balance in the body? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Located in the hypthalamus which helps control fluid balance in the
body. It monitors fluid volume and concentration.
When describing intracellular and extracellular water concentrations, explain what is meant by
isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Isotonic: Same concentration of
particles in intracellular fluids (ICF) and extracellular fluids (ECF)
- Hypertonic: Cells surrounded by solution that has a greater concentration of solute than cells
have. (Dehydrate cells and shrink)
- Hypotonic: Cells surrounded by a less concentrated than the cell has. (Overhydrated cells and
swelling of cell)
Define acidosis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Excess of acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the
blood and body tissues.
, Define active transport. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Force that can move molecules into cells
regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell.
Define alkalosis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the
blood and body fluids.
Define ascites. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the
peritoneal cavity.
Define dehydration. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Removal of water from a tissue.
Define diffusion. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The process by which substances move back and forth
across a membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout the available space.
Define edema. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Fluid in interstitial spaces.
Define electolytes. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Mineral or a salt that is dissolved in body fluid.
Define extracellular. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Outside of the cell.
Define filtration. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The movement of water and suspended substances
outward through a semipermeable membrane.
Define hydrostatic pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pressure exerted by fluid.
Define hypercalcemia. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Above normal level of calcium in the blood.
Define hyperchloremia. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Abnormally high chloride in the blood.
