BIO 1693 MIDTERM 2 2025 NEWEST
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS | A+ GRADE VERIFIED
ANSWERS
In what situation does lactic acid form Correct Answer If
cell ATP is low and oxygen levels are low pyruvic acid
forms lactic acid
is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic Correct Answer
anaerobic (does not require oxygen)
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Correct Answer BMR
is the rate at which the quiet, resting, fasting body breaks
down nutrients to create energy.
Also a measure of how much thyroxine the thyroid gland is
producing
List 6 classes of nutrients. Correct Answer Carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, water, minerals, and vitamins
List the organs and accessory structures of the digestive
system Correct Answer The GI tract consists of:
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine
The accessory organs are:
salivary glands, teeth, tongue, pancreas, liver, gallbladder,
, Basic processes performed by the digestive system
Correct Answer Ingestion, mixing+propulsion, secretion,
digestion, absorption, defecation
List the layers of the GI tract Correct Answer mucosa,
submucosa, muscularis, serosa
these layers vary slightly depending on the area of the
digestive system
Identify the salivary glands of the mouth Correct Answer 1.
Parotid is located near the back of the mouth posterior to
the molars
2. Submandibular
3. sublingual right under the tongue
What is the function of saliva in digestion Correct Answer
Saliva lubricates food, and begins the chemical digestion
of carbohydrates due to the enzyme salivary amylase
Describe the esophagus and state its function Correct
Answer The esophagus is lined with stratified squamous
epithelium.
The muscularis layer of the esophagus has an inner
circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer which work
together during swallowing to propel a food bolus to the
stomach. This process is called peristalsis.
The esophagus also has an upper skeletal muscle
esophageal sphincter (between the pharynx and
esophagus) and a lower smooth muscle (cardiac)
sphincter
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS | A+ GRADE VERIFIED
ANSWERS
In what situation does lactic acid form Correct Answer If
cell ATP is low and oxygen levels are low pyruvic acid
forms lactic acid
is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic Correct Answer
anaerobic (does not require oxygen)
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Correct Answer BMR
is the rate at which the quiet, resting, fasting body breaks
down nutrients to create energy.
Also a measure of how much thyroxine the thyroid gland is
producing
List 6 classes of nutrients. Correct Answer Carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, water, minerals, and vitamins
List the organs and accessory structures of the digestive
system Correct Answer The GI tract consists of:
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine
The accessory organs are:
salivary glands, teeth, tongue, pancreas, liver, gallbladder,
, Basic processes performed by the digestive system
Correct Answer Ingestion, mixing+propulsion, secretion,
digestion, absorption, defecation
List the layers of the GI tract Correct Answer mucosa,
submucosa, muscularis, serosa
these layers vary slightly depending on the area of the
digestive system
Identify the salivary glands of the mouth Correct Answer 1.
Parotid is located near the back of the mouth posterior to
the molars
2. Submandibular
3. sublingual right under the tongue
What is the function of saliva in digestion Correct Answer
Saliva lubricates food, and begins the chemical digestion
of carbohydrates due to the enzyme salivary amylase
Describe the esophagus and state its function Correct
Answer The esophagus is lined with stratified squamous
epithelium.
The muscularis layer of the esophagus has an inner
circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer which work
together during swallowing to propel a food bolus to the
stomach. This process is called peristalsis.
The esophagus also has an upper skeletal muscle
esophageal sphincter (between the pharynx and
esophagus) and a lower smooth muscle (cardiac)
sphincter
