SANNERS REVIEW - FINAL NR511 EXAM
WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
macrocytic anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSincreased MCV
-vitamin b12, iron deficiency, pernicious anemia
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - CORRECT-ANSWERSsize of a red blood cell
normal: 76 to 96 fL
Microcytic anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSdecreased MCV (hypochromic with
decreased MCHC)
-order serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC
what should level to check on kids before starting iron? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS*LEAD LEVEL*
always check a lead level before starting iron on children because an
increased lead level will cause anemia despite normal iron level.
Ulcerative Colitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSFriability, erosions and bleeding
-characterized by bloody/purulent diarrhea
-total colectomy can completely cure but is not the first treatment option
C. Diff - Symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERSgenerally profuse, watery, mucoid
diarrhea
-mild to mod: watery diarrhea 3 or more times/day for 2 or more days, mild
cramping/abd tenderness
, -severe: 10-15 watery stools/day, strong odor, acute abd secondary to
megacolon w/ perforation, distention, fever, N/V
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe mucosal surface of the
colon is inflamed, most often occurs in the rectosigmoid areas but may
involve the whole colon
diverticulitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSmay present with bleeding, not associated
with pain
may also present with N/V and LLQ tenderness and anorexia
-Need CT scan to R/O Diff Dx
*High fiber diet is the best management*
C Diff - diagnosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSElevated WBCs
-enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA) identifies toxins
-cell cytotoxicity: identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
-PCR: detects bacterial genes
-Endoscopy: if unresponsive to treatment, can show pseudomembranes that
suggest C Diff
C Diff -risks - CORRECT-ANSWERSinfection of the large intestine which
causes profuse, watery mucoid diarrhea
-healthcare facility, long hospitalization, long term abx, long term meds that
disrupt GI, consuming infected objects
C Diff - treatment - CORRECT-ANSWERSMetronidazole, probiotics, maintain
fluids, clear liquid diet, eat starchy foods
avoid: caffeine, spice, foods, milk, grease
WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
macrocytic anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSincreased MCV
-vitamin b12, iron deficiency, pernicious anemia
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - CORRECT-ANSWERSsize of a red blood cell
normal: 76 to 96 fL
Microcytic anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSdecreased MCV (hypochromic with
decreased MCHC)
-order serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC
what should level to check on kids before starting iron? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS*LEAD LEVEL*
always check a lead level before starting iron on children because an
increased lead level will cause anemia despite normal iron level.
Ulcerative Colitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSFriability, erosions and bleeding
-characterized by bloody/purulent diarrhea
-total colectomy can completely cure but is not the first treatment option
C. Diff - Symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERSgenerally profuse, watery, mucoid
diarrhea
-mild to mod: watery diarrhea 3 or more times/day for 2 or more days, mild
cramping/abd tenderness
, -severe: 10-15 watery stools/day, strong odor, acute abd secondary to
megacolon w/ perforation, distention, fever, N/V
inflammatory bowel disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe mucosal surface of the
colon is inflamed, most often occurs in the rectosigmoid areas but may
involve the whole colon
diverticulitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSmay present with bleeding, not associated
with pain
may also present with N/V and LLQ tenderness and anorexia
-Need CT scan to R/O Diff Dx
*High fiber diet is the best management*
C Diff - diagnosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSElevated WBCs
-enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA) identifies toxins
-cell cytotoxicity: identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
-PCR: detects bacterial genes
-Endoscopy: if unresponsive to treatment, can show pseudomembranes that
suggest C Diff
C Diff -risks - CORRECT-ANSWERSinfection of the large intestine which
causes profuse, watery mucoid diarrhea
-healthcare facility, long hospitalization, long term abx, long term meds that
disrupt GI, consuming infected objects
C Diff - treatment - CORRECT-ANSWERSMetronidazole, probiotics, maintain
fluids, clear liquid diet, eat starchy foods
avoid: caffeine, spice, foods, milk, grease
