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Five elements that support management's effective attainment of organizational goals -
(answer)planning, organizing, directing, controlling resources, and staffing
Define Management - (answer)the process of working with and through people to achieve
organizational goals
2 essential pieces in organizations that must be integrated effectively to lead to high
performance. - (answer)Management and Leadership
What are the traits of an effective change leader? - (answer)They define themselves as a change
leader, embrace risk instead of being adverse to risk as part of the change process
Organizational Development - (answer)the practice of changing people and organizations for
positive growth
,Change Management - (answer)encompasses approaches used by business content and
behavioral process specialists that assist leaders in moving organizations from a present to future
state
Systems Theory - (answer)organizations are viewed as a total system of interdependent
subsystems with individual components that include people, technology, work, and culture all of
which work together to respond to external environmental changes such as competitors,
customers, or government regulations
Contingency theory - (answer)viewing organizational dimensions (strategy, structure, people,
work, rewards) as parts of a whole that fit together. When one of these dimensions is out of sync
with the others, issues emerge
Long-Term Approach - (answer)focuses on lasting effects through changes in cultural norms
including interventions and alter attitudes, behaviors, processes, knowledge, and structures
Top-down approach - (answer)seeks to gain top management commitment and involvement in
order to significantly affect intended changes. Implemented throughout the organization.
Collaborative approach (pg 12) - (answer)involving professionals who are affected by changes
and who support the changes to the organization
,Analytical Approach - (answer)examines data, diagnoses present problems, and motivates
change to resolve issues. Accurate diagnostic skills are a core competency of OD change agents
Facilitation approach - (answer)uses skilled dialogue and discussion, listening, feedback when
assisting professionals to identify weaknesses and strengths of the organization: planning for
change; managing the change process; and implementing, coaching, and problem solving during
the change
Design approach - (answer)helps leaders and managers to develop meaningful work climates
where organizational members can accomplish their goals in a healthy way
What constitutes an internal change? - (answer)Changes to an organizations operating system
A formal subsystem consists of: (8 terms) - (answer)leadership, strategy, management, goals,
marketing, operations, technology, and structure
Type 1 error - (answer)happens when the environment is actually stable, but the leaders and
mangers perceive it as turbulent and proceed to take unneeded actions to respond
, Type 2 error - (answer)happens when leaders and managers perceive the environment as stable
when in actuality it is turbulent and they fail to take the necessary actions thus threatening the
survival of the organization
Developmental change - (answer)involves an improvement of what already exists
Transitional change - (answer)consists of an implementation to achieve a known desired state
that is different from the existing one. Ex. Installing a new technology system
Transformational change - (answer)involves the emergence of a new, unknown state for the
organization. Ex. Changing the entire structure and culture of an organization
Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 1 - (answer)Fine-Tuning- This type of
change involves an ongoing process of matching and fitting an organization's strategy, structure,
and processes with the environment. Ex. Commitment to the organization's mission and
departments
Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 2 - (answer)Incremental Adjustment:
Incremental adjustments are predictable changes that evolve slowly and systematically at a
constant rate over time within the organization to fit the external environment. Ex. Modifying a
mission statement