BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS********a. sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS********1.
DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - CORRECT
ANSWERS********The uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the
bases.
,Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - CORRECT
ANSWERS********During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized
by joining building block monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water
molecule is added and energy is released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood
sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees,
indigestible fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Triglyceride - CORRECT ANSWERS********Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when
broken down produces twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Phopholipid - CORRECT ANSWERS********Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWERS********Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS********Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
RNA - CORRECT ANSWERS********Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation
of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS********Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that,
when in excess, can form plaque on artery walls
, Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
ATP - CORRECT ANSWERS********Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of
high-energy phosphate bond
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and
humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS********Protein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - CORRECT ANSWERS********Because
they are "structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure:
c. Tertiary structure:
d. Quaternary structure: - CORRECT ANSWERS********a. Amino acid monomers in a linear
chain
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS********a. sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWERS********1.
DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - CORRECT
ANSWERS********The uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the
bases.
,Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - CORRECT
ANSWERS********During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized
by joining building block monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water
molecule is added and energy is released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
GLUCOSE - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood
sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees,
indigestible fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Triglyceride - CORRECT ANSWERS********Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when
broken down produces twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Phopholipid - CORRECT ANSWERS********Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWERS********Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS********Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
RNA - CORRECT ANSWERS********Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation
of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS********Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that,
when in excess, can form plaque on artery walls
, Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
ATP - CORRECT ANSWERS********Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of
high-energy phosphate bond
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWERS********Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and
humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS********Protein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - CORRECT ANSWERS********Because
they are "structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure:
c. Tertiary structure:
d. Quaternary structure: - CORRECT ANSWERS********a. Amino acid monomers in a linear
chain
