Chamberlain NR507
Midterm Refined Test With
Approved Questions and
Answers 2025/2026
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't
destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue
damage; severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - Correct Answers--
Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the
cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex
is then deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- Immune complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,
organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Correct Answers-- Facial rash confined
to the cheeks (malar rash)
, - Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - Correct Answers-- Can be familial: Affected family members
may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have
different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions
(autoimmune and allergic reactions).
Alloimmunity - Correct Answers-- General term used to describe when an
individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other
members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes
sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection,
Transfusion reaction.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- T-cell mediated
- Lymphocytes
- Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
- Delayed response
- Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid
(wouldn't use antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1
receptors).
Differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 vs Type 4 Reaction - Correct
Answers-- Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic
dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions.
- Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions
only at the site of contact with the allergen.
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex- poison ivy
Primary Immunodeficiency - Correct Answers-- Most are the result of single
gene defects.
- Occurs d/t immune system development defect.
Midterm Refined Test With
Approved Questions and
Answers 2025/2026
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
- Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe
bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't
destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue
damage; severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - Correct Answers--
Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the
cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex
is then deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- Immune complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,
organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Correct Answers-- Facial rash confined
to the cheeks (malar rash)
, - Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
- Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia)
- Immunologic disorders
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- Renal disorder
- Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - Correct Answers-- Can be familial: Affected family members
may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have
different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions
(autoimmune and allergic reactions).
Alloimmunity - Correct Answers-- General term used to describe when an
individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other
members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes
sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection,
Transfusion reaction.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction - Correct Answers-- T-cell mediated
- Lymphocytes
- Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
- Delayed response
- Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid
(wouldn't use antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1
receptors).
Differentiating between the rash of a Type 1 vs Type 4 Reaction - Correct
Answers-- Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic
dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions.
- Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions
only at the site of contact with the allergen.
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex- poison ivy
Primary Immunodeficiency - Correct Answers-- Most are the result of single
gene defects.
- Occurs d/t immune system development defect.
