READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
Meaning of History?
What is History?
- People tend to think that it is - - Greek noun -
merely a list of names, dates, Learning
places, and “important” events.
- It is MORE THAN knowing and History is a systematic account of set of
memorizing natural phenomena, whether or not
chronological factoring was a factor in the
Historians duty account
- To draw insights from the ideas and - Aristotle
realities that shaped the lives of
men and women and the society - Scientia - English word - Science
- Understand and comprehend how ↳ used regularly as in the course of
situations happened, identify time to designate
elements, think on how can these non-chronological systematic
situations can solve today’s accounts of natural phenomena
phenomenon/situation and how - World history was preserved
can it help in the future (usually) for accounts of
phenomena – especially human
affairs
- History is the study of beliefs and - “The past of mankind”
desires, practices, and institutions
of human being What are Sources?
- An active factor in the Philippine
society
What do historians use?
- Development of Philippine Culture
- Historians use books, however, they
have to use many materials, not
Why study History? just books. Historians do rely and
depend largely on museums. For
- Looking at the roots of modern official records they depend on
institutions, ideas, values, and archives, courthouses, gov’t library,
problems etc.
- To see the world through different - It is from historical sources that
eyes – appreciating the diversity of history is studied and taken.
human perceptions, beliefs and
culture.
- This will enable us to analyze
critically at the present context of
history and beings.
PRIMARY SOURCES
smnttxx 1
, READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
- Produced by people or groups INTERPRETED primary resources or
directly involved in the event or has been used them to discuss
topic that is being studied. certain subject of history
- Either participants or eyewitnesses
of events
Historical Criticism
- Eyewitness, diaries, letters, legal
documents, official documents
(gov’t or private), and even - This became prominent at the time
photographs when so called higher criticism of
the scriptures was enjoying its day
Eight (8) examples of Primary Sources of notoriety; and rather dubious
1. Photograph that reflect social reputation – where bible was still
conditions of historical realities revered as the inspired word, cast
and everyday life shadow upon value of former as
2. Old sketches and drawings that constructive science or inquiry to
may indicate conditions of line the truth
societies in the past - Introduction of Pere Delehaye’s
3. Old maps that may reveal how book – Legends of saints
space and geography were used
4. Cartoons for political expression or —------------------------------------------------------
propaganda
5. Material evidence of the prehistoric PROFESSORS DISCUSSION (August 17)
past like cave drawings, old
syllabaries, and ancient writings Meaning and Relevance of History
6. Statistic tables, graphs, and charts
7. Oral history or recordings by HISTORY
electronic means of accounts of - In school it has dreaded branding
eyewitness or participants; the which cause the students to think
recording are then transcribed for it as
research - Very objective
8. Published and unpublished - Boring subject; and
primary documents, eyewitness - Consist of memorization of
accounts, and other written dates, names, places, etc.
sources - tsismis/hearsay
- The real purpose of history is
SECONDARY SOURCES Appreciation
- “The testimony of anyone who is not an - Familiarize yourselves with the
eyewitness–that is of one who was not concepts, understand, appreciate,
present at the event of which he tells” – digest
Gottschalk
- Books, articles, and scholarly The improper way of teaching philippine
journals that had and has been history has deprived many students of the
smnttxx 2
, READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
story of our nation and the formation of - Historians can maintain
our identities as Filipinos some semblance of
objectivity when evaluating
History is NOT a list of names, dates, evidence to produce a
places, and important events truthful account of the past
● History is more than just knowing that meets a standard for
and memorizing facts accuracy similar to the
● Useless if confined to mere natural sciences
knowing - To show only what actually
● Ask question and process the facts happened ( facts only)
(dates,names,places)
What is History? - History should be treated
> History means a narrative account of like science, like natural
past events as gleaned from available science that there should be
evidence which have been assessed as objectivity
authentic and reliable – Teodoro Agoncillio - History should be
understandable with reason
> narrative account > pakuwento at alone (utak lang)
recorded of past events > how? > from - Main purpose: to show what
gleaned available evidence, should be actually happened – focus is
grounded with evidence > (1) check if its in the facts only
genuine or fake > (2) if it is genuine or 2. Historicism – history as
authentic then check the reliability, humanistic study (Reason And
veracity, truthfulness and accuracy Empathy)
- Historicist-minded
Evolution of History as a discipline historians believe that
> comes from the Greek word - historia – human societies are too
knowledge acquired through inquiry and complex with far too many
investigation” variable to be studies like
> act of seeking knowledge natural science, and that
> the term historia was adapted in historians’ points of view
classical Latin. make objectivity difficult
> account of the past - To understand and interpret
> recorded na how and why things
happened (facts +
History rise as an academic discipline interpretation)
coincided with the rise of social sciences - Its should be processed
as well as natural science in the West in
the 19th century How and why things happened?
1. Positivism - history as science > comprehend HOW situation happened
(Reason) (factors)
smnttxx 3
, READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
> Identify elements WHY these situations ● The way people interpret facts
happened varies depending on our POV,
>think HOW these situations CAN SOLVE beliefs, context, ideology, etc.
today’s predicaments and help PLAN for “Facts remain the same, interpretations
the future varies”
● Historical interpretation cannot be
History is the understanding and objective
interpretation of the human past. It ● One cannot claim that his
involves ideas and realities that have interpretation is the absolute truth.
shaped the lives of men and women of the We are only concerned with the
society . interpretation’s validity.
○ Validity and accuracy of
Aspects of Life interpretation
1. Political
2. Social Historical Interpretation
3. Economic ● Interpretation is implicit in any
4. Cultural study of historical materials.
5. Religious Historical facts do not interpret
themselves
Why do we study history? ● Interpretation in history had been
● And examination of the past can discouraged because it is
tell us a great deal about how we subjective, and subjectivity implies
came to be who we are being personal, and to be personal
● Looking at the roots of modern is to be biased or prejudiced
institutions, ideas, values, and
problems —------------------------------------------------------
● Different and/or new perspective
will enable us to analyze critically
the present context of society and
beings
○ Lessons from the past can
be used to make sense of
the present
Do historians know the absolute historical
MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
truth? The arrivals of the Spaniards in the Philippines
● The past is gone and cannot be
recalled AGE OF DISCOVERY IN EUROPE
● Fragments from the past are > 16th century Europe (Renaissance and
gleaned through historical sources Scientific Revolution)
● Historical facts are absolute, ● Improvement in the science
remain constant, and do not (astronomy) and navigation
interpret themselves ● Invention of marine instruments
smnttxx 4
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
Meaning of History?
What is History?
- People tend to think that it is - - Greek noun -
merely a list of names, dates, Learning
places, and “important” events.
- It is MORE THAN knowing and History is a systematic account of set of
memorizing natural phenomena, whether or not
chronological factoring was a factor in the
Historians duty account
- To draw insights from the ideas and - Aristotle
realities that shaped the lives of
men and women and the society - Scientia - English word - Science
- Understand and comprehend how ↳ used regularly as in the course of
situations happened, identify time to designate
elements, think on how can these non-chronological systematic
situations can solve today’s accounts of natural phenomena
phenomenon/situation and how - World history was preserved
can it help in the future (usually) for accounts of
phenomena – especially human
affairs
- History is the study of beliefs and - “The past of mankind”
desires, practices, and institutions
of human being What are Sources?
- An active factor in the Philippine
society
What do historians use?
- Development of Philippine Culture
- Historians use books, however, they
have to use many materials, not
Why study History? just books. Historians do rely and
depend largely on museums. For
- Looking at the roots of modern official records they depend on
institutions, ideas, values, and archives, courthouses, gov’t library,
problems etc.
- To see the world through different - It is from historical sources that
eyes – appreciating the diversity of history is studied and taken.
human perceptions, beliefs and
culture.
- This will enable us to analyze
critically at the present context of
history and beings.
PRIMARY SOURCES
smnttxx 1
, READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
- Produced by people or groups INTERPRETED primary resources or
directly involved in the event or has been used them to discuss
topic that is being studied. certain subject of history
- Either participants or eyewitnesses
of events
Historical Criticism
- Eyewitness, diaries, letters, legal
documents, official documents
(gov’t or private), and even - This became prominent at the time
photographs when so called higher criticism of
the scriptures was enjoying its day
Eight (8) examples of Primary Sources of notoriety; and rather dubious
1. Photograph that reflect social reputation – where bible was still
conditions of historical realities revered as the inspired word, cast
and everyday life shadow upon value of former as
2. Old sketches and drawings that constructive science or inquiry to
may indicate conditions of line the truth
societies in the past - Introduction of Pere Delehaye’s
3. Old maps that may reveal how book – Legends of saints
space and geography were used
4. Cartoons for political expression or —------------------------------------------------------
propaganda
5. Material evidence of the prehistoric PROFESSORS DISCUSSION (August 17)
past like cave drawings, old
syllabaries, and ancient writings Meaning and Relevance of History
6. Statistic tables, graphs, and charts
7. Oral history or recordings by HISTORY
electronic means of accounts of - In school it has dreaded branding
eyewitness or participants; the which cause the students to think
recording are then transcribed for it as
research - Very objective
8. Published and unpublished - Boring subject; and
primary documents, eyewitness - Consist of memorization of
accounts, and other written dates, names, places, etc.
sources - tsismis/hearsay
- The real purpose of history is
SECONDARY SOURCES Appreciation
- “The testimony of anyone who is not an - Familiarize yourselves with the
eyewitness–that is of one who was not concepts, understand, appreciate,
present at the event of which he tells” – digest
Gottschalk
- Books, articles, and scholarly The improper way of teaching philippine
journals that had and has been history has deprived many students of the
smnttxx 2
, READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
story of our nation and the formation of - Historians can maintain
our identities as Filipinos some semblance of
objectivity when evaluating
History is NOT a list of names, dates, evidence to produce a
places, and important events truthful account of the past
● History is more than just knowing that meets a standard for
and memorizing facts accuracy similar to the
● Useless if confined to mere natural sciences
knowing - To show only what actually
● Ask question and process the facts happened ( facts only)
(dates,names,places)
What is History? - History should be treated
> History means a narrative account of like science, like natural
past events as gleaned from available science that there should be
evidence which have been assessed as objectivity
authentic and reliable – Teodoro Agoncillio - History should be
understandable with reason
> narrative account > pakuwento at alone (utak lang)
recorded of past events > how? > from - Main purpose: to show what
gleaned available evidence, should be actually happened – focus is
grounded with evidence > (1) check if its in the facts only
genuine or fake > (2) if it is genuine or 2. Historicism – history as
authentic then check the reliability, humanistic study (Reason And
veracity, truthfulness and accuracy Empathy)
- Historicist-minded
Evolution of History as a discipline historians believe that
> comes from the Greek word - historia – human societies are too
knowledge acquired through inquiry and complex with far too many
investigation” variable to be studies like
> act of seeking knowledge natural science, and that
> the term historia was adapted in historians’ points of view
classical Latin. make objectivity difficult
> account of the past - To understand and interpret
> recorded na how and why things
happened (facts +
History rise as an academic discipline interpretation)
coincided with the rise of social sciences - Its should be processed
as well as natural science in the West in
the 19th century How and why things happened?
1. Positivism - history as science > comprehend HOW situation happened
(Reason) (factors)
smnttxx 3
, READ_PH _________________________________________________________
___ ________________________ ________________ _____
> Identify elements WHY these situations ● The way people interpret facts
happened varies depending on our POV,
>think HOW these situations CAN SOLVE beliefs, context, ideology, etc.
today’s predicaments and help PLAN for “Facts remain the same, interpretations
the future varies”
● Historical interpretation cannot be
History is the understanding and objective
interpretation of the human past. It ● One cannot claim that his
involves ideas and realities that have interpretation is the absolute truth.
shaped the lives of men and women of the We are only concerned with the
society . interpretation’s validity.
○ Validity and accuracy of
Aspects of Life interpretation
1. Political
2. Social Historical Interpretation
3. Economic ● Interpretation is implicit in any
4. Cultural study of historical materials.
5. Religious Historical facts do not interpret
themselves
Why do we study history? ● Interpretation in history had been
● And examination of the past can discouraged because it is
tell us a great deal about how we subjective, and subjectivity implies
came to be who we are being personal, and to be personal
● Looking at the roots of modern is to be biased or prejudiced
institutions, ideas, values, and
problems —------------------------------------------------------
● Different and/or new perspective
will enable us to analyze critically
the present context of society and
beings
○ Lessons from the past can
be used to make sense of
the present
Do historians know the absolute historical
MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
truth? The arrivals of the Spaniards in the Philippines
● The past is gone and cannot be
recalled AGE OF DISCOVERY IN EUROPE
● Fragments from the past are > 16th century Europe (Renaissance and
gleaned through historical sources Scientific Revolution)
● Historical facts are absolute, ● Improvement in the science
remain constant, and do not (astronomy) and navigation
interpret themselves ● Invention of marine instruments
smnttxx 4
