ECU EHST 2110 EXAM 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Population - answer individuals of the same species living together within a given area
Community - answer different organisms are not randomly scattered, but live in together
in an orderly manner;
changes in #'s of one species within a community can have major consequences to the
whole community
Ecosystems - answer Functional units of nature in which living organisms interact with
each other and with the
non-living components of their environment to process energy and cycle nutrients
Example of Ecosystem - answer Cow pasture, salt marsh, city park, etc.
Population dynamics - answer The study of ecological principles that govern the ways in
which populations change in size
Biotic Potential - answer maximum achievable growth rate with unlimited space in the
absence of limiting factors (disease, predation, food supply)
Environmental Resistance - answer measured difference between biotic potential of a
population and the actual observed rate of growth
S - Curve - answer Lag Phase - Slow Growth
Dramatic increase in population
Birth and Death rates are balanced and
# births = # deaths
J - Curve - answer Lag Phase - Slow Growth to start
population increases at rapid rates up to or above the carrying capacity, environmental
resistance becomes effective only at last moment
Frequently leads to population crashes (algal blooms / red tides)
Homeostatic Controls - answer Self-regulating factors (behavioral, physiological, &
social responses) that are important for controlling population size
Snowshoe hares in Canada experience population crashes every ___ - ___ years (not
predation, hunting or disease)- stress induced degeneration of liver-convulsions, coma,
death - answer 9 - 10
,Human Population Growth - answer Exponential growth during the 20th century
The peak global growth rate was during the - answer 1970's
World Population Growth - answer Intensive efforts after World War II to improve living
standards and ensure national stability are being nullified by rapid population growth.
Thomas Malthus - answer Population, when unchecked, increases by a geometric ratio
(2,4,8,16...) while subsistence increases by an arithmetic ratio (1,2,3,4...)
Resource limits cause bouts of famine, war, and disease, leading to majority of world's
population with marginal standard of living
Doubling Time - answer period of time in which a population doubles in size- good
measure of growth
Human population "surges" - answer 1) 600,000 years ago (development of culture)
2) 8000 BC (agricultural revolution)
3) AD 1800 (industrial/medical/scientific revolution) ex/ Smallpox vaccine (Edward
Jenner, 1796)
Birth Rate - answer # babies born per 1000 people per year
Where is the highest / lowest Birth Rates? - answer Highest = Congo (46)
Lowest = Japan (9)
Death Rate - answer # deaths per 1000 people per year
Death rates are bound to be higher in ________ ________ - answer older populations
Total Fertility Rate - answer average # children per mother during reproductive lifetime
Growth Rate - answer (rate of natural increase) difference between birth rate and death
rate
expressed as a percentage out of 100
Growth Rate formula - answer GR = (birth rate-death rate) / 10 = GR%
Increase in growth rates seen when improvements are made in what three things? -
answer public sanitation, agriculture, and medicine
Growth rate 0.5 % - answer 140 yrs doubling time
, GR of 1 - answer doubling time of 70 yrs
GR of 2% - answer 35 yrs
Population declines can be associated with the
presence of _______ , _______ , and __________ - answer war, famine and disease
Bubonic plague - answer Reached Europe in 1348, killed
25% of population in 2 years, 50% of England's population in later years
30 years war (1618-1648) - answer 33% of Germany and Bohemian
population killed
Industrial Revolution (~ AD 1800) - answer marked a great increase in growth rates
• ↑ birth rate
• ↓ death rate
Demographic transition - answer the phenomenon of falling both birth & death rates
- always seen to follow industrialization
- less labor needed
By 1850, birth rates began to ______ in industrialized nations - answer fall; married
couples rather accumulate capital than pay for children expenses
Age Structure - answer - Refers to the # of people within different age categories
- Larger youth percentage where countries have higher birth rates
Population - answer individuals of the same species living together within a given area
Community - answer different organisms are not randomly scattered, but live in together
in an orderly manner;
changes in #'s of one species within a community can have major consequences to the
whole community
Ecosystems - answer Functional units of nature in which living organisms interact with
each other and with the
non-living components of their environment to process energy and cycle nutrients
Example of Ecosystem - answer Cow pasture, salt marsh, city park, etc.
Population dynamics - answer The study of ecological principles that govern the ways in
which populations change in size
Biotic Potential - answer maximum achievable growth rate with unlimited space in the
absence of limiting factors (disease, predation, food supply)
Environmental Resistance - answer measured difference between biotic potential of a
population and the actual observed rate of growth
S - Curve - answer Lag Phase - Slow Growth
Dramatic increase in population
Birth and Death rates are balanced and
# births = # deaths
J - Curve - answer Lag Phase - Slow Growth to start
population increases at rapid rates up to or above the carrying capacity, environmental
resistance becomes effective only at last moment
Frequently leads to population crashes (algal blooms / red tides)
Homeostatic Controls - answer Self-regulating factors (behavioral, physiological, &
social responses) that are important for controlling population size
Snowshoe hares in Canada experience population crashes every ___ - ___ years (not
predation, hunting or disease)- stress induced degeneration of liver-convulsions, coma,
death - answer 9 - 10
,Human Population Growth - answer Exponential growth during the 20th century
The peak global growth rate was during the - answer 1970's
World Population Growth - answer Intensive efforts after World War II to improve living
standards and ensure national stability are being nullified by rapid population growth.
Thomas Malthus - answer Population, when unchecked, increases by a geometric ratio
(2,4,8,16...) while subsistence increases by an arithmetic ratio (1,2,3,4...)
Resource limits cause bouts of famine, war, and disease, leading to majority of world's
population with marginal standard of living
Doubling Time - answer period of time in which a population doubles in size- good
measure of growth
Human population "surges" - answer 1) 600,000 years ago (development of culture)
2) 8000 BC (agricultural revolution)
3) AD 1800 (industrial/medical/scientific revolution) ex/ Smallpox vaccine (Edward
Jenner, 1796)
Birth Rate - answer # babies born per 1000 people per year
Where is the highest / lowest Birth Rates? - answer Highest = Congo (46)
Lowest = Japan (9)
Death Rate - answer # deaths per 1000 people per year
Death rates are bound to be higher in ________ ________ - answer older populations
Total Fertility Rate - answer average # children per mother during reproductive lifetime
Growth Rate - answer (rate of natural increase) difference between birth rate and death
rate
expressed as a percentage out of 100
Growth Rate formula - answer GR = (birth rate-death rate) / 10 = GR%
Increase in growth rates seen when improvements are made in what three things? -
answer public sanitation, agriculture, and medicine
Growth rate 0.5 % - answer 140 yrs doubling time
, GR of 1 - answer doubling time of 70 yrs
GR of 2% - answer 35 yrs
Population declines can be associated with the
presence of _______ , _______ , and __________ - answer war, famine and disease
Bubonic plague - answer Reached Europe in 1348, killed
25% of population in 2 years, 50% of England's population in later years
30 years war (1618-1648) - answer 33% of Germany and Bohemian
population killed
Industrial Revolution (~ AD 1800) - answer marked a great increase in growth rates
• ↑ birth rate
• ↓ death rate
Demographic transition - answer the phenomenon of falling both birth & death rates
- always seen to follow industrialization
- less labor needed
By 1850, birth rates began to ______ in industrialized nations - answer fall; married
couples rather accumulate capital than pay for children expenses
Age Structure - answer - Refers to the # of people within different age categories
- Larger youth percentage where countries have higher birth rates
