Biology Praxis - 5236
First law of thermodynamics - answer Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it
cannot be created or destroyed.
second law of thermodynamics - answer Every energy transfer or transformation
increases the entropy of the universe.
Entropy - answerA measure of disorder or randomness.
gibbs free energy - answer energy available to do work
cell theory - answer idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic
units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing
cells
hypertonic cell environment - answerthe solution outside the cell has a higher
concentration of solutes (lower concentration of water) than the interior of the cell, water
leaves the cell
hypotonic cell environment - answera solution in which there is a higher concentration of
water molecules (solvent) outside a cell than inside a cell. so water rushes in and cell
swells
robert hooke - answerfirst to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells.
germ theory of disease - answeridea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms
Louis Pasteur - answerA French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill
bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. He disproved
spontaneous generation.
Johann Gregor Mendel - answerfather of genetics, his work with pea plants showed that
genes come in pairs and that dominant and recessive traits are inherited independently
of each other.
what did mendel's work establish? - answerestablished the law of segregation, law of
independent assortment and law of dominance
charles darwin - answerEnglish natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by
natural selection. Travelled through out the Galapagos and studied finches.
,What did Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" state? - answerhis book stated that
natural selection was the means by which adaptations would arise over time. Said that
species must compete for the same limited resources, some would die, others would
survive.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - answer- inheritance of acquired characteristics (false)
- organisms transform into complex organisms (false)
- use and disuse (true)
Hershey-Chase Experiment - answerconfirmed that DNA is the genetic material, used a
bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria and E.coli was infected with radioactive
isotope
James Watson and Francis Crick - answerThe scientists credited with building the first
correct model of the structure of DNA. showed that the complementary bases are joined
by hydrogen bonds.
chargaff's rule - answerAdenine binds to Thymine ( A to T) and Cytosine binds to
Guanine (C to G)
Rosalind Franklin - answerWoman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided
Watson and Crick with key data about DNA. Discovered that RNA is single stranded.
Population Models - answera type of mathematical model that is applied to the study of
population dynamics
genetically modified - answerHaving the genes altered by technology
scientific inquiry - answerhow one thinks and asks questions in a logical way to gain
trustworthy information
scientific phenomenon - answerevent or effect that is observed
scientific fact - answeran objective or verifiable observation, can be repeated or
demonstrated to others
scientific theory - answerproposition explaining why or how something happens and is
built on facts and laws
scientific law - answerexplanation of events that always leads to the same outcome
Scientific Method Steps - answerQuestion, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze
the Data, Conclusion
Basic units of measurement - answerMeter, which measures length. Liter, which
measures volume. Gram, which measures mass.
, the greenhouse effect - answerNatural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's
atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
free radicals - answernaturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals that form in the
presence of oxygen
acid rain - answerrain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants
Eutrophication - answerexcessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water,
frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and
death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
waste disposal methods - answerLandfills (release greenhouse gases)
Incinerators (release nitric and sulfuric oxides, acid rain)
Sewage (fecal contamination and pathogenic organisms)
coal-fire power plants - answergenerate electricity fairly cheap, largest source of
Greenhouse gases
gasoline - answercheap, requires less water than coal, but releases a large amount of
of CO2 and is limited.
nuclear power plants - answercheap, harmful waste, requires a lot of water
hydropower - answersustainable and benign once established. building a dam and
rerouting water can be disuptive
wind power - answersustainable, non polluting, but requires wind and large land
solar power - answersustainable, but production is limited to when the sun is shining,
and the panels are expensive and can generate harmful toxins
geothermal power - answersustainable, cheap and non-polluting. can only be used in
areas with specific volcanic activity
radiometric remote sensing - answerradar, lasters, LIDAR
geodetic remote sensing - answerInvolves measuring the small fluctuations in Earth's
gravitational field
acoustic remote sensing - answerUnderwater sonar and seismographs
covalent bonds - answerBonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
Hydrogen bonds - answerweak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
First law of thermodynamics - answer Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it
cannot be created or destroyed.
second law of thermodynamics - answer Every energy transfer or transformation
increases the entropy of the universe.
Entropy - answerA measure of disorder or randomness.
gibbs free energy - answer energy available to do work
cell theory - answer idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic
units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing
cells
hypertonic cell environment - answerthe solution outside the cell has a higher
concentration of solutes (lower concentration of water) than the interior of the cell, water
leaves the cell
hypotonic cell environment - answera solution in which there is a higher concentration of
water molecules (solvent) outside a cell than inside a cell. so water rushes in and cell
swells
robert hooke - answerfirst to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells.
germ theory of disease - answeridea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms
Louis Pasteur - answerA French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill
bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. He disproved
spontaneous generation.
Johann Gregor Mendel - answerfather of genetics, his work with pea plants showed that
genes come in pairs and that dominant and recessive traits are inherited independently
of each other.
what did mendel's work establish? - answerestablished the law of segregation, law of
independent assortment and law of dominance
charles darwin - answerEnglish natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by
natural selection. Travelled through out the Galapagos and studied finches.
,What did Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" state? - answerhis book stated that
natural selection was the means by which adaptations would arise over time. Said that
species must compete for the same limited resources, some would die, others would
survive.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - answer- inheritance of acquired characteristics (false)
- organisms transform into complex organisms (false)
- use and disuse (true)
Hershey-Chase Experiment - answerconfirmed that DNA is the genetic material, used a
bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria and E.coli was infected with radioactive
isotope
James Watson and Francis Crick - answerThe scientists credited with building the first
correct model of the structure of DNA. showed that the complementary bases are joined
by hydrogen bonds.
chargaff's rule - answerAdenine binds to Thymine ( A to T) and Cytosine binds to
Guanine (C to G)
Rosalind Franklin - answerWoman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided
Watson and Crick with key data about DNA. Discovered that RNA is single stranded.
Population Models - answera type of mathematical model that is applied to the study of
population dynamics
genetically modified - answerHaving the genes altered by technology
scientific inquiry - answerhow one thinks and asks questions in a logical way to gain
trustworthy information
scientific phenomenon - answerevent or effect that is observed
scientific fact - answeran objective or verifiable observation, can be repeated or
demonstrated to others
scientific theory - answerproposition explaining why or how something happens and is
built on facts and laws
scientific law - answerexplanation of events that always leads to the same outcome
Scientific Method Steps - answerQuestion, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze
the Data, Conclusion
Basic units of measurement - answerMeter, which measures length. Liter, which
measures volume. Gram, which measures mass.
, the greenhouse effect - answerNatural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's
atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
free radicals - answernaturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals that form in the
presence of oxygen
acid rain - answerrain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants
Eutrophication - answerexcessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water,
frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and
death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
waste disposal methods - answerLandfills (release greenhouse gases)
Incinerators (release nitric and sulfuric oxides, acid rain)
Sewage (fecal contamination and pathogenic organisms)
coal-fire power plants - answergenerate electricity fairly cheap, largest source of
Greenhouse gases
gasoline - answercheap, requires less water than coal, but releases a large amount of
of CO2 and is limited.
nuclear power plants - answercheap, harmful waste, requires a lot of water
hydropower - answersustainable and benign once established. building a dam and
rerouting water can be disuptive
wind power - answersustainable, non polluting, but requires wind and large land
solar power - answersustainable, but production is limited to when the sun is shining,
and the panels are expensive and can generate harmful toxins
geothermal power - answersustainable, cheap and non-polluting. can only be used in
areas with specific volcanic activity
radiometric remote sensing - answerradar, lasters, LIDAR
geodetic remote sensing - answerInvolves measuring the small fluctuations in Earth's
gravitational field
acoustic remote sensing - answerUnderwater sonar and seismographs
covalent bonds - answerBonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
Hydrogen bonds - answerweak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
