Biology Regents Exam with Accurate
Solutions
Independent Variable - ANS-The variable that is being tested, plotted on the x-axis.
Dependent Variable - ANS-Variable being measured, plotted on the y-axis
Organic Compound - ANS-Compound containing carbon-hydrogen bonds. Larger than
inorganic compounds.
Inorganic Compound - ANS-Compound that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Carbohydrates - ANS-Sugars and starches. Made up of simple sugars (glucose) and
supplies energy.
Lipids - ANS-Organic compound that stores energy. Includes fats, oils, waxes, steroids
and phospholipids.
Protein - ANS-Organic compound that is necessary for normal functioning of an
organism. Composed of peptide chains. Shape determines function.
Enzymes - ANS-Proteins that act as organic catalysts and are required for most
chemical reactions.
Acid - ANS-pH from 0-6
Neutral - ANS-pH of 7
Base - ANS-pH from 8-14
Homeostasis - ANS-A balanced state in an organism.
Dynamic Equilibrium - ANS-The body stays balanced by taking action when the balance
is disturbed. (Ex: sweating)
Metabolism - ANS-All of the life processes
Diffusion - ANS-Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Active Transport - ANS-Molecules moving from low concentration to high concentration.
Uses energy.
, Osmosis - ANS-Diffusion of water into or out of the cell.
Autotroph - ANS-An organism that makes it's own food.
Heterotroph - ANS-An organism that eats other organisms.
Photosynthesis - ANS-Carried out by plants. Takes the radiant energy of the sun and
puts it in the bonds of a sugar molecule. Occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells.
Penis - ANS-The Male sex organ that becomes hard when inserted in a vagina.
Hydrolysis - ANS-The break down or digestion of a large complex substance into a
smaller, simpler unit by adding a water molecule.
Glucose - ANS-Sugar produced by photosynthesis.
Chloroplast - ANS-A plastid in the cells of green plants and algae where photosynthesis
occurs.
Chlorophyll - ANS-Photosynthetic pigment that captures light energy to be used during
photosynthesis (makes plants green).
Stomata - ANS-Pore-like openings found on the underside of a leaf that allows carbon
dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf.
Guard Cells - ANS-Two cells that are part of the stoma, which are specialized to control
the opening and closing of the stomata by responding to changes in water pressure.
Prevents plant from dehydrating.
Xylem and Phloem - ANS-Tissues that carry food and water through the plant
Cellular Respiration - ANS-A process that takes energy from sugar molecules and
places it in molecules of ATP.
ATP - ANS-The energy source of all living things.
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-Form of respiration that requires oxygen, and yields more
ATP.
Oxygen - ANS-The waste product of photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide - ANS-The waste product of respiration.
Adrenal Gland - ANS-Gland that makes adrenaline when the body is under stress.
Solutions
Independent Variable - ANS-The variable that is being tested, plotted on the x-axis.
Dependent Variable - ANS-Variable being measured, plotted on the y-axis
Organic Compound - ANS-Compound containing carbon-hydrogen bonds. Larger than
inorganic compounds.
Inorganic Compound - ANS-Compound that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Carbohydrates - ANS-Sugars and starches. Made up of simple sugars (glucose) and
supplies energy.
Lipids - ANS-Organic compound that stores energy. Includes fats, oils, waxes, steroids
and phospholipids.
Protein - ANS-Organic compound that is necessary for normal functioning of an
organism. Composed of peptide chains. Shape determines function.
Enzymes - ANS-Proteins that act as organic catalysts and are required for most
chemical reactions.
Acid - ANS-pH from 0-6
Neutral - ANS-pH of 7
Base - ANS-pH from 8-14
Homeostasis - ANS-A balanced state in an organism.
Dynamic Equilibrium - ANS-The body stays balanced by taking action when the balance
is disturbed. (Ex: sweating)
Metabolism - ANS-All of the life processes
Diffusion - ANS-Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Active Transport - ANS-Molecules moving from low concentration to high concentration.
Uses energy.
, Osmosis - ANS-Diffusion of water into or out of the cell.
Autotroph - ANS-An organism that makes it's own food.
Heterotroph - ANS-An organism that eats other organisms.
Photosynthesis - ANS-Carried out by plants. Takes the radiant energy of the sun and
puts it in the bonds of a sugar molecule. Occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells.
Penis - ANS-The Male sex organ that becomes hard when inserted in a vagina.
Hydrolysis - ANS-The break down or digestion of a large complex substance into a
smaller, simpler unit by adding a water molecule.
Glucose - ANS-Sugar produced by photosynthesis.
Chloroplast - ANS-A plastid in the cells of green plants and algae where photosynthesis
occurs.
Chlorophyll - ANS-Photosynthetic pigment that captures light energy to be used during
photosynthesis (makes plants green).
Stomata - ANS-Pore-like openings found on the underside of a leaf that allows carbon
dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf.
Guard Cells - ANS-Two cells that are part of the stoma, which are specialized to control
the opening and closing of the stomata by responding to changes in water pressure.
Prevents plant from dehydrating.
Xylem and Phloem - ANS-Tissues that carry food and water through the plant
Cellular Respiration - ANS-A process that takes energy from sugar molecules and
places it in molecules of ATP.
ATP - ANS-The energy source of all living things.
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-Form of respiration that requires oxygen, and yields more
ATP.
Oxygen - ANS-The waste product of photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide - ANS-The waste product of respiration.
Adrenal Gland - ANS-Gland that makes adrenaline when the body is under stress.
