, TESTBANK Developmental Profiles Pre-Birth
Through Adolescence, 9th Edition Lynn R. Marotz
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Chapter 1 - Child Development Theories
1. Play experiences provide children with opportunities to learn and form meaning.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Researchers have shown that a play-based curriculum is the most effective pedagogy for
promoting young children’s learning and ability to form meaning.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
2. A child’s family should always be involved in the assessment process.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Families play an integral role in the assessment process and must always be included. The
family’s participation provides educators with opportunities to learn about their desires and
goals for the child. Families can also provide unique information about the child’s talents
and behaviors that may be unknown to teachers and service providers.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.02 - Explain why authentic assessment is the most developmentally
appropriate method for evaluating children’s progress.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.02 - Family-teacher partnerships and community
connections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
3. According to Piaget, an infant is in the preoperational stage of development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of development.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
4. Norms describe age-specific time periods when children will develop a particular skill.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Norms refer to a range, not a specific age, when most children are likely to develop and
display certain skills.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
5. Discrete behaviors can be observed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Discrete behaviors are those that can be observed and described in specific terms.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.03 - Describe five methods that can be used for gathering
observational data about children.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
6. Behaviorists have contributed to our understanding of genetics as a primary determinant of human behavior..
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Behaviorists believe that an individual’s behavior is shaped by their environment.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
7. Maturation is biologically based (for the most part) and explains, for example, why and how children learn to sit up,
crawl, and walk.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Maturation explains the biological readiness that permits a child to learn new skills (e.g.,
motor, speech, cognition).
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
8. Children and parents influence each other’s behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Bronfenbrenner suggested that reciprocal interactions between parents and child are
important factors that help to shape a child’s behavior.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
9. Scientists have determined that all children’s brains are structurally and functionally the same.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Although similar in structure, all children’s brains differ to some degree. Learning
experiences and social interactions create a brain structure (neurons) and functionality
(neural connections) that is unique to an individual.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
10. Checklists and rating scales can be used to monitor children’s developmental progress and to diagnose developmental
delays.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
, a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Data obtained from checklists and rating scales is useful for monitoring a child’s
developmental progress, but is not reliable for diagnostic purposes.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.03 - Describe five methods that can be used for gathering
observational data about children.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
11. Gender roles and behavior are determined purely by genetics.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Scientists suggest that gender roles and behavior are a product of genetic and
environmental influences.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
12. A father claims that his child “tantrums all of the time.” A frequency count would be useful for determining how
often the child actually tantrums on a given day.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: A frequency count provides objective data (versus opinion) that reveals how often a
particular behavior is actually occurring.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.03 - Describe five methods that can be used for gathering
observational data about children.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
13. Which of the following is not an example of authentic assessment?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
, a. Observing and recording a child’s behavior.
b. Administering a standardized test.
c. Gathering information from the child’s family.
d. Assembling a child portfolio.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Authentic assessment involves collecting samples of children’s work (e.g., observation
data, family input, portfolios) in natural environments (e.g. classroom, home, outdoors) to
document a child’s developmental progress. Standardized tests are not an authentic
assessment tool.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.02 - Explain why authentic assessment is the most developmentally
appropriate method for evaluating children’s progress.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying | Bloom’s: Understanding
14. The process a child uses to form new mental categories when presented with novel information is called:
a. adaptation.
b. equilibrium.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Assimilation describes the process an individual uses to create meaning by incorporating
new information into preexisting schema or categories.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
15. Which theorist would argue that children’s development is genetically determined?
a. Gesell.
b. Erikson.
c. Montessori.
d. Piaget.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Gesell believed that all behavior is the result of maturation which is genetically
predetermined.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
16. Which theorist did not believe that environmental conditions were primarily responsible for children’s development?
a. Bronfenbrenner.
b. Vygotsky.
c. Skinner.
d. Watson.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Bronfenbrenner, Vygotsky, and Skinner believed that environment plays a significant role
in shaping children’s development; Freud did not and suggested that all behavior is
motivated by need satisfaction.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering | Bloom’s: Understanding
17. Erikson used the term “ego identity” to describe what about a person?
a. The ability to control primitive impulses.
b. Conceit, arrogance, or self-importance.
c. Self-awareness; how a person fits in.
d. Innate intelligence.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Erikson used the term ego identity to describe an individual’s self-awareness and their
relationship to others.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
18. Vygotsky suggested that children’s “self-talk”:
a. is an important step in the acquisition of language.
b. should be ignored so that it isn’t reinforced.
c. reflects an increasingly complex way of thinking.
d. is abnormal and requires developmental intervention.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,RATIONALE: Vygotsky believed that children engage in self-talk as a way of practicing communication
skills before using them in public. He considered this behavior to be common to all
children.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
19. Which theorist is best known for his cognitive-developmental theories of child development?
a. Sigmund Freud.
b. Arnold Gessell.
c. B. F. Skinner.
d. Jean Piaget.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Piaget is known for his cognitive development theory, in which he described intellect as
emerging in four distinct maturational stages.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
20. A toddler hops and claps his hands after observing his father do the same (hoping and clapping). What concept does
this example illustrate?
a. Developmentally appropriate learning.
b. Nature-nurture effects.
c. Reciprocal interactions.
d. Trust vs. mistrust.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: A child who replicates or imitates an adult behavior is engaging in reciprocal (back-and-
forth) interactions.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, 21. A child who uses a block as a make-believe boat is illustrating the _____ stage of Piaget’s cognitive-developmental
theory.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operational
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A child who uses a block as a pretend boat is exhibiting what Piaget referred to as
preoperational thinking; the ability to think about things as symbols or representations.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying | Bloom’s: Understanding
22. Sammy puts down the toy car that he was about to throw after observing another child who was being reprimanded for
the same behavior. What is this type of learning called?
a. positive reinforcement
b. imitation
c. zone of proximal development
d. reciprocal
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A child may imitate or modify their behavior after observing another child’s actions.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying | Bloom’s: Understanding
23. The outdoor play yard and indoor classroom are examples of _______________ environments that can be used for
data collection.
ANSWER: naturalistic
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Completion
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.02 - Explain why authentic assessment is the most developmentally
appropriate method for evaluating children’s progress.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Through Adolescence, 9th Edition Lynn R. Marotz
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Chapter 1 - Child Development Theories
1. Play experiences provide children with opportunities to learn and form meaning.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Researchers have shown that a play-based curriculum is the most effective pedagogy for
promoting young children’s learning and ability to form meaning.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
2. A child’s family should always be involved in the assessment process.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Families play an integral role in the assessment process and must always be included. The
family’s participation provides educators with opportunities to learn about their desires and
goals for the child. Families can also provide unique information about the child’s talents
and behaviors that may be unknown to teachers and service providers.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.02 - Explain why authentic assessment is the most developmentally
appropriate method for evaluating children’s progress.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.02 - Family-teacher partnerships and community
connections.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
3. According to Piaget, an infant is in the preoperational stage of development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of development.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
4. Norms describe age-specific time periods when children will develop a particular skill.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Norms refer to a range, not a specific age, when most children are likely to develop and
display certain skills.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
5. Discrete behaviors can be observed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Discrete behaviors are those that can be observed and described in specific terms.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.03 - Describe five methods that can be used for gathering
observational data about children.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
6. Behaviorists have contributed to our understanding of genetics as a primary determinant of human behavior..
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Behaviorists believe that an individual’s behavior is shaped by their environment.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
7. Maturation is biologically based (for the most part) and explains, for example, why and how children learn to sit up,
crawl, and walk.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Maturation explains the biological readiness that permits a child to learn new skills (e.g.,
motor, speech, cognition).
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
8. Children and parents influence each other’s behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Bronfenbrenner suggested that reciprocal interactions between parents and child are
important factors that help to shape a child’s behavior.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
9. Scientists have determined that all children’s brains are structurally and functionally the same.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Although similar in structure, all children’s brains differ to some degree. Learning
experiences and social interactions create a brain structure (neurons) and functionality
(neural connections) that is unique to an individual.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
10. Checklists and rating scales can be used to monitor children’s developmental progress and to diagnose developmental
delays.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
, a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Data obtained from checklists and rating scales is useful for monitoring a child’s
developmental progress, but is not reliable for diagnostic purposes.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.03 - Describe five methods that can be used for gathering
observational data about children.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
11. Gender roles and behavior are determined purely by genetics.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Scientists suggest that gender roles and behavior are a product of genetic and
environmental influences.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
12. A father claims that his child “tantrums all of the time.” A frequency count would be useful for determining how
often the child actually tantrums on a given day.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: A frequency count provides objective data (versus opinion) that reveals how often a
particular behavior is actually occurring.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.03 - Describe five methods that can be used for gathering
observational data about children.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
13. Which of the following is not an example of authentic assessment?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
, a. Observing and recording a child’s behavior.
b. Administering a standardized test.
c. Gathering information from the child’s family.
d. Assembling a child portfolio.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Authentic assessment involves collecting samples of children’s work (e.g., observation
data, family input, portfolios) in natural environments (e.g. classroom, home, outdoors) to
document a child’s developmental progress. Standardized tests are not an authentic
assessment tool.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.02 - Explain why authentic assessment is the most developmentally
appropriate method for evaluating children’s progress.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying | Bloom’s: Understanding
14. The process a child uses to form new mental categories when presented with novel information is called:
a. adaptation.
b. equilibrium.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Assimilation describes the process an individual uses to create meaning by incorporating
new information into preexisting schema or categories.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
15. Which theorist would argue that children’s development is genetically determined?
a. Gesell.
b. Erikson.
c. Montessori.
d. Piaget.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Gesell believed that all behavior is the result of maturation which is genetically
predetermined.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
16. Which theorist did not believe that environmental conditions were primarily responsible for children’s development?
a. Bronfenbrenner.
b. Vygotsky.
c. Skinner.
d. Watson.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Bronfenbrenner, Vygotsky, and Skinner believed that environment plays a significant role
in shaping children’s development; Freud did not and suggested that all behavior is
motivated by need satisfaction.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering | Bloom’s: Understanding
17. Erikson used the term “ego identity” to describe what about a person?
a. The ability to control primitive impulses.
b. Conceit, arrogance, or self-importance.
c. Self-awareness; how a person fits in.
d. Innate intelligence.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Erikson used the term ego identity to describe an individual’s self-awareness and their
relationship to others.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
18. Vygotsky suggested that children’s “self-talk”:
a. is an important step in the acquisition of language.
b. should be ignored so that it isn’t reinforced.
c. reflects an increasingly complex way of thinking.
d. is abnormal and requires developmental intervention.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,RATIONALE: Vygotsky believed that children engage in self-talk as a way of practicing communication
skills before using them in public. He considered this behavior to be common to all
children.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
19. Which theorist is best known for his cognitive-developmental theories of child development?
a. Sigmund Freud.
b. Arnold Gessell.
c. B. F. Skinner.
d. Jean Piaget.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Piaget is known for his cognitive development theory, in which he described intellect as
emerging in four distinct maturational stages.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
20. A toddler hops and claps his hands after observing his father do the same (hoping and clapping). What concept does
this example illustrate?
a. Developmentally appropriate learning.
b. Nature-nurture effects.
c. Reciprocal interactions.
d. Trust vs. mistrust.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: A child who replicates or imitates an adult behavior is engaging in reciprocal (back-and-
forth) interactions.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, 21. A child who uses a block as a make-believe boat is illustrating the _____ stage of Piaget’s cognitive-developmental
theory.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operational
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A child who uses a block as a pretend boat is exhibiting what Piaget referred to as
preoperational thinking; the ability to think about things as symbols or representations.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying | Bloom’s: Understanding
22. Sammy puts down the toy car that he was about to throw after observing another child who was being reprimanded for
the same behavior. What is this type of learning called?
a. positive reinforcement
b. imitation
c. zone of proximal development
d. reciprocal
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A child may imitate or modify their behavior after observing another child’s actions.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.01 - Compare and contrast the fundamental contemporary child
development theories described in this chapter.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.01 - Child development and learning in context.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying | Bloom’s: Understanding
23. The outdoor play yard and indoor classroom are examples of _______________ environments that can be used for
data collection.
ANSWER: naturalistic
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
QUESTION TYPE: Completion
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DP.Marotz.01.02 - Explain why authentic assessment is the most developmentally
appropriate method for evaluating children’s progress.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.03 - Child observations, documentation, and assessment.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
