(2025/2026) NSG 300 EXAM 2 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS | GRAND CANYON
UNIVERSITY
The nurse is devising a plan of care for a patient with the
nursing diagnosis of Constipation related to opioid use.
Which outcome will the nurse evaluate as successful for
the patient to establish normal defecation? Correct Answer
The patient reports eliminating a soft, formed stool.
Explanation:
The nurse's goal is for the patient to take opioid
medication and to have normal bowel elimination.
Normal stools are soft and formed. Ceasing pain
medication is not a desired outcome for the patient.
Tenderness in the left lower quadrant indicates
constipation and does not indicate success. Bowel
sounds indicate that the bowels are moving; however,
they are not an indication of defecation.
The patient diagnosed with cardiovascular disease is
receiving dietary instructions from the nurse. Which
information from the patient indicates teaching is
successful? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Limit cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day.
Explanation:
,American Heart Association guidelines recommend
limiting cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day. Diet
therapy includes eating fish at least 2 times per week
and eating whole grain high-fiber foods. Maintaining a
prescribed carbohydrate intake is necessary for
diabetes mellitus.
The patient has just started on enteral feedings, and is
now reporting abdominal cramping. Which action will the
nurse take next? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Slow the rate of tube feeding.
Explanation:
One possible cause of abdominal cramping is a rapid
increase in rate or volume. Lowering the rate of
delivery may increase tolerance. Another possible
cause of abdominal cramping is the use of cold
formula. The nurse should warm the formula to room
temperature. High-fat formulas are also a cause of
abdominal cramping.
The health care provider asks the nurse to monitor the
fluid volume status of a heart failure patient and a patient
at risk for clinical dehydration. Which is the most effective
nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients?
Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Weigh the patients every morning before breakfast
Explanation:
An effective measure of fluid retention or loss is daily
weights; each kg (2.2 pounds) change is equivalent to
,1 L of fluid gained or lost. This measurement should
be performed at the same time every day using the
same scale and the same amount of clothing.
Although intake and output records are important
assessment measures, some patients are not able to
keep their own records themselves. Blood pressure
can decrease with extracellular volume (ECV) deficit
but will not necessarily increase with recent ECV
excess (heart failure patient). Edema occurs with ECV
excess but not with clinical dehydration.
A patient is experiencing oliguria. Which action should the
nurse perform first? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Assess for bladder distention.
Explanation:
Oliguria is diminished urinary output in relation to
fluid intake. The nurse first should gather all
assessment data to determine the potential cause of
oliguria. It could be that the patient does not have
adequate intake, or it could be that the bladder
sphincter is not functioning and the patient is
retaining water. Increasing fluids is effective if the
patient does not have adequate intake or if
dehydration occurs. Caffeine can work as a diuretic
but is not helpful if an underlying pathology is
present. An order for diuretics can be obtained if the
patient is retaining water, but this should not be the
first action.
, Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the
same time. Which patient will the nurse see first? Correct
Answer Correct Answer:
An infant with temperature of 102.2° F and diarrhea for 3
days
Explanation:
The infant should be seen first. An infant's proportion
of total body water (70% to 80% total body weight) is
greater than that of children or adults. Infants and
young children have greater water needs and
immature kidneys. They are at greater risk for
extracellular volume deficit and hypernatremia
because body water loss is proportionately greater
per kilogram of weight. A teenager with excessive
edema from a sprained ankle can wait. A middle-aged
adult moaning in pain can wait as can an older adult
with a blood pressure of 112/60.
The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic
solution to a patient expects the fluid shift to occur in what
direction? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
From intracellular to extracellular
Explanation:
Hypertonic solutions (D5LR) will move fluid from the
intracellular to the extracellular (intravascular). A
hypertonic solution has a concentration greater than
normal body fluids, so water will shift out of cells
because of the osmotic pull of the extra particles.
Movement of water from the extracellular
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS | GRAND CANYON
UNIVERSITY
The nurse is devising a plan of care for a patient with the
nursing diagnosis of Constipation related to opioid use.
Which outcome will the nurse evaluate as successful for
the patient to establish normal defecation? Correct Answer
The patient reports eliminating a soft, formed stool.
Explanation:
The nurse's goal is for the patient to take opioid
medication and to have normal bowel elimination.
Normal stools are soft and formed. Ceasing pain
medication is not a desired outcome for the patient.
Tenderness in the left lower quadrant indicates
constipation and does not indicate success. Bowel
sounds indicate that the bowels are moving; however,
they are not an indication of defecation.
The patient diagnosed with cardiovascular disease is
receiving dietary instructions from the nurse. Which
information from the patient indicates teaching is
successful? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Limit cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day.
Explanation:
,American Heart Association guidelines recommend
limiting cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day. Diet
therapy includes eating fish at least 2 times per week
and eating whole grain high-fiber foods. Maintaining a
prescribed carbohydrate intake is necessary for
diabetes mellitus.
The patient has just started on enteral feedings, and is
now reporting abdominal cramping. Which action will the
nurse take next? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Slow the rate of tube feeding.
Explanation:
One possible cause of abdominal cramping is a rapid
increase in rate or volume. Lowering the rate of
delivery may increase tolerance. Another possible
cause of abdominal cramping is the use of cold
formula. The nurse should warm the formula to room
temperature. High-fat formulas are also a cause of
abdominal cramping.
The health care provider asks the nurse to monitor the
fluid volume status of a heart failure patient and a patient
at risk for clinical dehydration. Which is the most effective
nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients?
Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Weigh the patients every morning before breakfast
Explanation:
An effective measure of fluid retention or loss is daily
weights; each kg (2.2 pounds) change is equivalent to
,1 L of fluid gained or lost. This measurement should
be performed at the same time every day using the
same scale and the same amount of clothing.
Although intake and output records are important
assessment measures, some patients are not able to
keep their own records themselves. Blood pressure
can decrease with extracellular volume (ECV) deficit
but will not necessarily increase with recent ECV
excess (heart failure patient). Edema occurs with ECV
excess but not with clinical dehydration.
A patient is experiencing oliguria. Which action should the
nurse perform first? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
Assess for bladder distention.
Explanation:
Oliguria is diminished urinary output in relation to
fluid intake. The nurse first should gather all
assessment data to determine the potential cause of
oliguria. It could be that the patient does not have
adequate intake, or it could be that the bladder
sphincter is not functioning and the patient is
retaining water. Increasing fluids is effective if the
patient does not have adequate intake or if
dehydration occurs. Caffeine can work as a diuretic
but is not helpful if an underlying pathology is
present. An order for diuretics can be obtained if the
patient is retaining water, but this should not be the
first action.
, Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the
same time. Which patient will the nurse see first? Correct
Answer Correct Answer:
An infant with temperature of 102.2° F and diarrhea for 3
days
Explanation:
The infant should be seen first. An infant's proportion
of total body water (70% to 80% total body weight) is
greater than that of children or adults. Infants and
young children have greater water needs and
immature kidneys. They are at greater risk for
extracellular volume deficit and hypernatremia
because body water loss is proportionately greater
per kilogram of weight. A teenager with excessive
edema from a sprained ankle can wait. A middle-aged
adult moaning in pain can wait as can an older adult
with a blood pressure of 112/60.
The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic
solution to a patient expects the fluid shift to occur in what
direction? Correct Answer Correct Answer:
From intracellular to extracellular
Explanation:
Hypertonic solutions (D5LR) will move fluid from the
intracellular to the extracellular (intravascular). A
hypertonic solution has a concentration greater than
normal body fluids, so water will shift out of cells
because of the osmotic pull of the extra particles.
Movement of water from the extracellular
