S-130 and L-180 Final Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
What are the 5 communication responsibilities? - Answer -• Brief others as needed
• Debrief your actions (AAR)
• Communicate hazards to others
• Acknowledge messages and understand intent
• Ask if you don't know
What must occur for effective communication? - Answer -Sender, receiver,
information exchange
What reduces judgement and alertness on the fireline? - Answer -fatigue, stress,
heat stress, physical and interior barriers
What are some human factors that affect situational awareness? - Answer -
INEXPERIENCE (unfamiliar with area or factors)
DISTRACTION FROM PRIMARY TASK (radio traffic, conflict, pervious errors,
collateral duties, incident within incident)
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, FATIGUE (carbon monoxide, dehydration, heat stress, poor physical fitness)
STRESS REACTIONS (communication deteriorates/grows tense, habitual or
repetitive behavior, target fixation, action tunneling, escalation of commitment)
HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES (invulnerable, anti-authority, impulsive, macho,
complacent, resigned, group think)
What are the steps in an after-action-review? - Answer -What was planned?
What actually happened?
Why did it happen?
What can we do next time?
When is an AAR most effective? - Answer -when performed immediately after
event, leader's role is to ensure skilled facilitation, reinforce respectful
disagreement is ok, focus on what instead of who, make sure everyone participates,
end on a positive note
What are the 10 standard firefighting orders? - Answer --Keep informed on fire
weather conditions and forecasts
-Know what your fire is doing at all times
-Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Questions and Answers
What are the 5 communication responsibilities? - Answer -• Brief others as needed
• Debrief your actions (AAR)
• Communicate hazards to others
• Acknowledge messages and understand intent
• Ask if you don't know
What must occur for effective communication? - Answer -Sender, receiver,
information exchange
What reduces judgement and alertness on the fireline? - Answer -fatigue, stress,
heat stress, physical and interior barriers
What are some human factors that affect situational awareness? - Answer -
INEXPERIENCE (unfamiliar with area or factors)
DISTRACTION FROM PRIMARY TASK (radio traffic, conflict, pervious errors,
collateral duties, incident within incident)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, FATIGUE (carbon monoxide, dehydration, heat stress, poor physical fitness)
STRESS REACTIONS (communication deteriorates/grows tense, habitual or
repetitive behavior, target fixation, action tunneling, escalation of commitment)
HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES (invulnerable, anti-authority, impulsive, macho,
complacent, resigned, group think)
What are the steps in an after-action-review? - Answer -What was planned?
What actually happened?
Why did it happen?
What can we do next time?
When is an AAR most effective? - Answer -when performed immediately after
event, leader's role is to ensure skilled facilitation, reinforce respectful
disagreement is ok, focus on what instead of who, make sure everyone participates,
end on a positive note
What are the 10 standard firefighting orders? - Answer --Keep informed on fire
weather conditions and forecasts
-Know what your fire is doing at all times
-Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
