Fundamentals for Nursing
REVIEW MODULE EDITION 10.0
Consultants
Christi Blair, DNP, RN
Contributors
Tracey Bousquet, BSN, RN
Honey C. Holman, MSN, RN
Jenni L. Hoffman, DNP,
Debborah Williams, MSN, RN FNP-C, CLNC, FAANP
Sheryl Sommer PhD, RN, CNE Mary Jane Janowski, RN, MA
Janean Johnson, MSN, RN CNE Jessica L. Johnson DNP, MSN, BSN, RN
Brenda S. Ball, MEd, BSN, RN Lisa Kongable, MA, ARNP,
PMHCNS, CNE
Cindy Morris, DNP, RN, IBCLC
Tomekia Luckett, PhD, RN
Peggy Leehy MSN, RN
Maria Sheilla Membrebe, MSN/Ed.,
Robin Hertel, EdS, MSN, RN, CMSRN RN, ONC, CMSRN, CBN
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY NOTICE
ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC.
Copyright © 2019 Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All rights reserved.
The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the
content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations,
graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual
property rights or licenses held by Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, one of its affiliates, or by
third parties who have licensed their materials to Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC.
FUNDAMENTALS FOR NURSING I
, Director of content review: Kristen Lawler
Director of development: Derek Prater
Project management: Tiffany Pavlik, Shannon Tierney
Coordination of content review: Honey C. Holman, Debborah Williams
Copy editing: Kelly Von Lunen, Bethany Phillips, Kya Rodgers
Layout: Spring Lenox, Maureen Bradshaw, Bethany Phillips
Illustrations: Randi Hardy
Online media: Brant Stacy, Ron Hanson, Britney Fuller, Barry Wilson
Cover design: Jason Buck
Interior book design: Spring Lenox
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE READER
Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, is the publisher of this publication. The content of this publication is for
informational and educational purposes only and may be modified or updated by the publisher at any time. This
publication is not providing medical advice and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice,
diagnosis, or treatment. The publisher has designed this publication to provide accurate information regarding the
subject matter covered; however, the publisher is not responsible for errors, omissions, or for any outcomes related to
the use of the contents of this book and makes no guarantee and assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the
products and procedures described or the correctness, sufficiency, or completeness of stated information, opinions, or
recommendations. The publisher does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, providers, products, procedures,
processes, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned in this publication. Treatments and side effects described
in this book may not be applicable to all people; likewise, some people may require a dose or experience a side effect
that is not described herein. Drugs and medical devices are discussed that may have limited availability controlled by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in a research study or clinical trial. Research, clinical practice,
and government regulations often change the accepted standard in this field. When consideration is being given to use
of any drug in the clinical setting, the health care provider or reader is responsible for determining FDA status of the
drug, reading the package insert, and reviewing prescribing information for the most up-to-date recommendations
on dose, precautions, and contraindications and determining the appropriate usage for the product. Any references
in this book to procedures to be employed when rendering emergency care to the sick and injured are provided solely
as a general guide. Other or additional safety measures may be required under particular circumstances. This book
is not intended as a statement of the standards of care required in any particular situation, because circumstances
and a patient’s physical condition can vary widely from one emergency to another. Nor is it intended that this book
shall in any way advise personnel concerning legal authority to perform the activities or procedures discussed. Such
specific determination should be made only with the aid of legal counsel. Some images in this book feature models.
These models do not necessarily endorse, represent, or participate in the activities represented in the images. THE
PUBLISHER MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
RESPECT TO THE CONTENT HEREIN. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS-IS, AND THE PUBLISHER AND ITS AFFILIATES
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACTUAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY
DAMAGES RESULTING, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM THE READER’S USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, SUCH CONTENT.
II CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
, User’s Guide
Welcome to the Assessment Technologies Institute® ACTIVE LEARNING SCENARIOS
Fundamentals for Nursing Review Module Edition 9.0. The AND APPLICATION EXERCISES
mission of ATI’s Content Mastery Series® Review Modules
Each chapter includes opportunities for you to test your
is to provide user-friendly compendiums of nursing
knowledge and to practice applying that knowledge. Active
knowledge that will:
Learning Scenario exercises pose a nursing scenario and
●● Help you locate important information quickly.
then direct you to use an ATI Active Learning Template
●● Assist in your learning efforts.
(included at the back of this book) to record the important
●● Provide exercises for applying your nursing knowledge.
knowledge a nurse should apply to the scenario. An
●● Facilitate your entry into the nursing profession as a
example is then provided to which you can compare your
newly licensed nurse.
completed Active Learning Template. The Application
This newest edition of the Review Modules has been
Exercises include NCLEX-style questions (multiple-
redesigned to optimize your learning experience. We’ve
choice and multiple-select items), providing you with
fit more content into less space and have done so in a
opportunities to practice answering the kinds of questions
way that will make it even easier for you to find and
you might expect to see on ATI assessments or the NCLEX.
understand the information you need.
After the Application Exercises, an answer key is provided,
along with rationales.
ORGANIZATION
This Review Module is organized into units covering the NCLEX® CONNECTIONS
NCLEX® major client needs categories: Safe, Effective Care
To prepare for the NCLEX, it is important to understand
Environment, Health Promotion, Psychosocial Integrity,
how the content in this Review Module is connected to
and Physiological Integrity. Chapters within these
the NCLEX test plan. You can find information on the
units conform to one of four organizing principles for
detailed test plan at the National Council of State Boards
presenting the content.
of Nursing’s website, www.ncsbn.org. When reviewing
●● Nursing concepts
content in this Review Module, regularly ask yourself,
●● Growth and development
“How does this content fit into the test plan, and what
●● Procedures
types of questions related to this content should I expect?”
●● System Disorders
To help you in this process, we’ve included NCLEX
Nutritional considerations for specific Nursing concepts
Connections at the beginning of each unit and with each
chapters begin with an overview describing the central
question in the Application Exercises Answer Keys. The
concept and its relevance to nursing. Subordinate themes
NCLEX Connections at the beginning of each unit point
are covered in outline form to demonstrate relationships
out areas of the detailed test plan that relate to the content
and present the information in a clear, succinct manner.
within that unit. The NCLEX Connections attached to the
Application Exercises Answer Keys demonstrate how each
Nutritional considerations for specific Growth and
exercise fits within the detailed content outline.
development chapters cover expected growth and
These NCLEX Connections will help you understand how
development, including physical and psychosocial
the detailed content outline is organized, starting with
development, age-appropriate activities, and health
major client needs categories and subcategories and
promotion, including immunizations, health screenings,
followed by related content areas and tasks. The major
nutrition, and injury prevention.
client needs categories are:
●● Safe and Effective Care Environment
Procedures chapters include an overview describing ◯◯ Management of Care
the procedure(s) covered in the chapter. These ◯◯ Safety and Infection Control
chapters provide nursing knowledge relevant to each ●● Health Promotion and Maintenance
procedure, including indications, nursing considerations, ●● Psychosocial Integrity
interpretation of findings, and complications. ●● Physiological Integrity
nutritional needs of clients who have the given disorder. ◯◯ Basic Care and Comfort
These chapters cover assessments and data collection, ◯◯ Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
nutritional guidelines, nursing interventions, and ◯◯ Reduction of Risk Potential
complications, if applicable. ◯◯ Physiological Adaptation
An NCLEX Connection might, for example, alert you that
content within a unit is related to:
●● Basic Care and Comfort
◯◯ Assistive Devices
■■ Assess client use of assistive devices.
FUNDAMENTALS FOR NURSING USER’S GUIDE III
, QSEN COMPETENCIES ICONS
As you use the Review Modules, you will note the Icons are used throughout the Review Module to draw
integration of the Quality and Safety Education for your attention to particular areas. Keep an eye out for
Nurses (QSEN) competencies throughout the chapters. these icons.
These competencies are integral components of the
This icon is used for NCLEX Connections.
curriculum of many nursing programs in the United States
and prepare you to provide safe, high-quality care as a
This icon indicates gerontological considerations,
newly licensed nurse. Icons appear to draw your attention
or knowledge specific to the care of older
to the six QSEN competencies.
adult clients.
Safety: The minimization of risk factors that could
This icon is used for content related to safety
cause injury or harm while promoting quality care
and is a QSEN competency. When you see this
and maintaining a secure environment for clients, self,
icon, take note of safety concerns or steps that
and others.
nurses can take to ensure client safety and a
Patient-Centered Care: The provision of caring and safe environment.
compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses
This icon is a QSEN competency that indicates
clients’ physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual,
the importance of a holistic approach to
and cultural needs, preferences, and values.
providing care.
Evidence-Based Practice: The use of current knowledge
This icon, a QSEN competency, points out the
from research and other credible sources, on which to base
integration of research into clinical practice.
clinical judgment and client care.
This icon is a QSEN competency and highlights
Informatics: The use of information technology as a
the use of information technology to support
communication and information-gathering tool that
nursing practice.
supports clinical decision-making and scientifically based
nursing practice. This icon is used to focus on the QSEN
competency of integrating planning processes to
Quality Improvement: Care related and organizational
meet clients’ needs.
processes that involve the development and
implementation of a plan to improve health care services This icon highlights the QSEN competency of care
and better meet clients’ needs. delivery using an interprofessional approach.
Teamwork and Collaboration: The delivery of client care This icon appears at the top-right of pages
in partnership with multidisciplinary members of the and indicates availability of an online media
health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive supplement (a graphic, animation, or video).
client outcomes. If you have an electronic copy of the Review
Module, this icon will appear alongside clickable
links to media supplements. If you have a
hard copy version of the Review Module, visit
www.atitesting.com for details on how to access
these features.
FEEDBACK
ATI welcomes feedback regarding this Review Module.
Please provide comments to .
As needed updates to the Review Modules are identified,
changes to the text are made for subsequent printings
of the book and for subsequent releases of the electronic
version. For the printed books, print runs are based
on when existing stock is depleted. For the electronic
versions, a number of factors influence the update
schedule. As such, ATI encourages faculty and students to
refer to the Review Module addendums for information on
what updates have been made. These addendums, which
are available in the Help/FAQs on the student site and the
Resources/eBooks & Active Learning on the faculty site,
are updated regularly and always include the most current
information on updates to the Review Modules.
IV USER’S GUIDE CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
REVIEW MODULE EDITION 10.0
Consultants
Christi Blair, DNP, RN
Contributors
Tracey Bousquet, BSN, RN
Honey C. Holman, MSN, RN
Jenni L. Hoffman, DNP,
Debborah Williams, MSN, RN FNP-C, CLNC, FAANP
Sheryl Sommer PhD, RN, CNE Mary Jane Janowski, RN, MA
Janean Johnson, MSN, RN CNE Jessica L. Johnson DNP, MSN, BSN, RN
Brenda S. Ball, MEd, BSN, RN Lisa Kongable, MA, ARNP,
PMHCNS, CNE
Cindy Morris, DNP, RN, IBCLC
Tomekia Luckett, PhD, RN
Peggy Leehy MSN, RN
Maria Sheilla Membrebe, MSN/Ed.,
Robin Hertel, EdS, MSN, RN, CMSRN RN, ONC, CMSRN, CBN
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY NOTICE
ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC.
Copyright © 2019 Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All rights reserved.
The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the
content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations,
graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual
property rights or licenses held by Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, one of its affiliates, or by
third parties who have licensed their materials to Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC.
FUNDAMENTALS FOR NURSING I
, Director of content review: Kristen Lawler
Director of development: Derek Prater
Project management: Tiffany Pavlik, Shannon Tierney
Coordination of content review: Honey C. Holman, Debborah Williams
Copy editing: Kelly Von Lunen, Bethany Phillips, Kya Rodgers
Layout: Spring Lenox, Maureen Bradshaw, Bethany Phillips
Illustrations: Randi Hardy
Online media: Brant Stacy, Ron Hanson, Britney Fuller, Barry Wilson
Cover design: Jason Buck
Interior book design: Spring Lenox
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE READER
Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC, is the publisher of this publication. The content of this publication is for
informational and educational purposes only and may be modified or updated by the publisher at any time. This
publication is not providing medical advice and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice,
diagnosis, or treatment. The publisher has designed this publication to provide accurate information regarding the
subject matter covered; however, the publisher is not responsible for errors, omissions, or for any outcomes related to
the use of the contents of this book and makes no guarantee and assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the
products and procedures described or the correctness, sufficiency, or completeness of stated information, opinions, or
recommendations. The publisher does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, providers, products, procedures,
processes, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned in this publication. Treatments and side effects described
in this book may not be applicable to all people; likewise, some people may require a dose or experience a side effect
that is not described herein. Drugs and medical devices are discussed that may have limited availability controlled by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in a research study or clinical trial. Research, clinical practice,
and government regulations often change the accepted standard in this field. When consideration is being given to use
of any drug in the clinical setting, the health care provider or reader is responsible for determining FDA status of the
drug, reading the package insert, and reviewing prescribing information for the most up-to-date recommendations
on dose, precautions, and contraindications and determining the appropriate usage for the product. Any references
in this book to procedures to be employed when rendering emergency care to the sick and injured are provided solely
as a general guide. Other or additional safety measures may be required under particular circumstances. This book
is not intended as a statement of the standards of care required in any particular situation, because circumstances
and a patient’s physical condition can vary widely from one emergency to another. Nor is it intended that this book
shall in any way advise personnel concerning legal authority to perform the activities or procedures discussed. Such
specific determination should be made only with the aid of legal counsel. Some images in this book feature models.
These models do not necessarily endorse, represent, or participate in the activities represented in the images. THE
PUBLISHER MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
RESPECT TO THE CONTENT HEREIN. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS-IS, AND THE PUBLISHER AND ITS AFFILIATES
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACTUAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY
DAMAGES RESULTING, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM THE READER’S USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, SUCH CONTENT.
II CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
, User’s Guide
Welcome to the Assessment Technologies Institute® ACTIVE LEARNING SCENARIOS
Fundamentals for Nursing Review Module Edition 9.0. The AND APPLICATION EXERCISES
mission of ATI’s Content Mastery Series® Review Modules
Each chapter includes opportunities for you to test your
is to provide user-friendly compendiums of nursing
knowledge and to practice applying that knowledge. Active
knowledge that will:
Learning Scenario exercises pose a nursing scenario and
●● Help you locate important information quickly.
then direct you to use an ATI Active Learning Template
●● Assist in your learning efforts.
(included at the back of this book) to record the important
●● Provide exercises for applying your nursing knowledge.
knowledge a nurse should apply to the scenario. An
●● Facilitate your entry into the nursing profession as a
example is then provided to which you can compare your
newly licensed nurse.
completed Active Learning Template. The Application
This newest edition of the Review Modules has been
Exercises include NCLEX-style questions (multiple-
redesigned to optimize your learning experience. We’ve
choice and multiple-select items), providing you with
fit more content into less space and have done so in a
opportunities to practice answering the kinds of questions
way that will make it even easier for you to find and
you might expect to see on ATI assessments or the NCLEX.
understand the information you need.
After the Application Exercises, an answer key is provided,
along with rationales.
ORGANIZATION
This Review Module is organized into units covering the NCLEX® CONNECTIONS
NCLEX® major client needs categories: Safe, Effective Care
To prepare for the NCLEX, it is important to understand
Environment, Health Promotion, Psychosocial Integrity,
how the content in this Review Module is connected to
and Physiological Integrity. Chapters within these
the NCLEX test plan. You can find information on the
units conform to one of four organizing principles for
detailed test plan at the National Council of State Boards
presenting the content.
of Nursing’s website, www.ncsbn.org. When reviewing
●● Nursing concepts
content in this Review Module, regularly ask yourself,
●● Growth and development
“How does this content fit into the test plan, and what
●● Procedures
types of questions related to this content should I expect?”
●● System Disorders
To help you in this process, we’ve included NCLEX
Nutritional considerations for specific Nursing concepts
Connections at the beginning of each unit and with each
chapters begin with an overview describing the central
question in the Application Exercises Answer Keys. The
concept and its relevance to nursing. Subordinate themes
NCLEX Connections at the beginning of each unit point
are covered in outline form to demonstrate relationships
out areas of the detailed test plan that relate to the content
and present the information in a clear, succinct manner.
within that unit. The NCLEX Connections attached to the
Application Exercises Answer Keys demonstrate how each
Nutritional considerations for specific Growth and
exercise fits within the detailed content outline.
development chapters cover expected growth and
These NCLEX Connections will help you understand how
development, including physical and psychosocial
the detailed content outline is organized, starting with
development, age-appropriate activities, and health
major client needs categories and subcategories and
promotion, including immunizations, health screenings,
followed by related content areas and tasks. The major
nutrition, and injury prevention.
client needs categories are:
●● Safe and Effective Care Environment
Procedures chapters include an overview describing ◯◯ Management of Care
the procedure(s) covered in the chapter. These ◯◯ Safety and Infection Control
chapters provide nursing knowledge relevant to each ●● Health Promotion and Maintenance
procedure, including indications, nursing considerations, ●● Psychosocial Integrity
interpretation of findings, and complications. ●● Physiological Integrity
nutritional needs of clients who have the given disorder. ◯◯ Basic Care and Comfort
These chapters cover assessments and data collection, ◯◯ Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
nutritional guidelines, nursing interventions, and ◯◯ Reduction of Risk Potential
complications, if applicable. ◯◯ Physiological Adaptation
An NCLEX Connection might, for example, alert you that
content within a unit is related to:
●● Basic Care and Comfort
◯◯ Assistive Devices
■■ Assess client use of assistive devices.
FUNDAMENTALS FOR NURSING USER’S GUIDE III
, QSEN COMPETENCIES ICONS
As you use the Review Modules, you will note the Icons are used throughout the Review Module to draw
integration of the Quality and Safety Education for your attention to particular areas. Keep an eye out for
Nurses (QSEN) competencies throughout the chapters. these icons.
These competencies are integral components of the
This icon is used for NCLEX Connections.
curriculum of many nursing programs in the United States
and prepare you to provide safe, high-quality care as a
This icon indicates gerontological considerations,
newly licensed nurse. Icons appear to draw your attention
or knowledge specific to the care of older
to the six QSEN competencies.
adult clients.
Safety: The minimization of risk factors that could
This icon is used for content related to safety
cause injury or harm while promoting quality care
and is a QSEN competency. When you see this
and maintaining a secure environment for clients, self,
icon, take note of safety concerns or steps that
and others.
nurses can take to ensure client safety and a
Patient-Centered Care: The provision of caring and safe environment.
compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses
This icon is a QSEN competency that indicates
clients’ physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual,
the importance of a holistic approach to
and cultural needs, preferences, and values.
providing care.
Evidence-Based Practice: The use of current knowledge
This icon, a QSEN competency, points out the
from research and other credible sources, on which to base
integration of research into clinical practice.
clinical judgment and client care.
This icon is a QSEN competency and highlights
Informatics: The use of information technology as a
the use of information technology to support
communication and information-gathering tool that
nursing practice.
supports clinical decision-making and scientifically based
nursing practice. This icon is used to focus on the QSEN
competency of integrating planning processes to
Quality Improvement: Care related and organizational
meet clients’ needs.
processes that involve the development and
implementation of a plan to improve health care services This icon highlights the QSEN competency of care
and better meet clients’ needs. delivery using an interprofessional approach.
Teamwork and Collaboration: The delivery of client care This icon appears at the top-right of pages
in partnership with multidisciplinary members of the and indicates availability of an online media
health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive supplement (a graphic, animation, or video).
client outcomes. If you have an electronic copy of the Review
Module, this icon will appear alongside clickable
links to media supplements. If you have a
hard copy version of the Review Module, visit
www.atitesting.com for details on how to access
these features.
FEEDBACK
ATI welcomes feedback regarding this Review Module.
Please provide comments to .
As needed updates to the Review Modules are identified,
changes to the text are made for subsequent printings
of the book and for subsequent releases of the electronic
version. For the printed books, print runs are based
on when existing stock is depleted. For the electronic
versions, a number of factors influence the update
schedule. As such, ATI encourages faculty and students to
refer to the Review Module addendums for information on
what updates have been made. These addendums, which
are available in the Help/FAQs on the student site and the
Resources/eBooks & Active Learning on the faculty site,
are updated regularly and always include the most current
information on updates to the Review Modules.
IV USER’S GUIDE CONTENT MASTERY SERIES
