Other organelles without membranes :
·
Ribosomes
2 Cytoskeleton
.
. Centrioles
3
1. Ribosomes
Tiny organelles throughout the prokaryote & eukaryote
·
found in
large numbers cytoplasm ,
in Both
cells
.
)
e Large
Sites of protein synthesis subunits RNA
-Both
.
Sub-units consist of rRNA made
Each Small subunits
·
ribosome has 2 subunits : in nucledi and protein molecules .
Zcasic types of ribosomes
<-fS Found in prokaryotes, mitochondria and Chloroplast.
8fS Found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes .
Ribosomes can room around free or be attached to the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
.
↳
Free ribosomes produce proteins used by cell .
L
proteins used for metabolism of glucose
.
S
↳
Soundribosomes produce proteins that are transported out the cell
.
Not ↳
proteins required for a specific function . ex :
digestive enzymes
So ↳
Soundribosomes also produce polypeptide hormones
. A few proteins produced by bound
11)
3
ribosomes are used in the cell membrane and on the orter surface of the cell Surface .
receptors and cell
Signaling proteins are produced by bound ribosomes
.
3 38 S sites for protein Synthesis.
Once large and small subunits are joined by the mRNA from the nucleus, the
.
ribosomes translates the mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids.
Amino acids are joined together one by one to form poly peptic chains.
I
Example(made by free ribosomes): haemoglobin in young red blood cells.
-
, 2 .
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein fibers that :
Supports of cell
Shape .
anchor to fixed Locations
organelles .
Crisscrossing cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells
·
Dynamic system constantly forming & disassembling .
UC /
·
intercellular transport of ~
providing mechanical
streight.
organelles. .
·
chromosome separation in mitosis and meiosis
establishing
~
cell shape .
.
The cytoskeleton is made up of 3 kinds of protein filaments :
Microfilament/Actin filaments
2: Intermediate filaments
3 Micotubule (flagella)
.
Microfilament/Actin filaments
·
This filament made up of globular
protein activ .
-ach filaments made of 2 protein chains loosely twined
together .
Each subunit the chains is the
monomer on
globular protein actin .
-
unction :
Muscle movement contraction :
·
Actin filaments interact with motor molecules which , can attach and detach repeatedly .
Cytoplasmic streaming movement
·
in plants .
·
the cytoplasm within the cell , transports nutrients proteins & cell.
movement of ,
organelles in
Support to structure .
Amoeboid movement .
↳
Formation of pseudopodia , that
permit amoeboid movement
of certain cells .
↳ it
doesn't have cilia so it
moves by microfilaments
·
Ribosomes
2 Cytoskeleton
.
. Centrioles
3
1. Ribosomes
Tiny organelles throughout the prokaryote & eukaryote
·
found in
large numbers cytoplasm ,
in Both
cells
.
)
e Large
Sites of protein synthesis subunits RNA
-Both
.
Sub-units consist of rRNA made
Each Small subunits
·
ribosome has 2 subunits : in nucledi and protein molecules .
Zcasic types of ribosomes
<-fS Found in prokaryotes, mitochondria and Chloroplast.
8fS Found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes .
Ribosomes can room around free or be attached to the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
.
↳
Free ribosomes produce proteins used by cell .
L
proteins used for metabolism of glucose
.
S
↳
Soundribosomes produce proteins that are transported out the cell
.
Not ↳
proteins required for a specific function . ex :
digestive enzymes
So ↳
Soundribosomes also produce polypeptide hormones
. A few proteins produced by bound
11)
3
ribosomes are used in the cell membrane and on the orter surface of the cell Surface .
receptors and cell
Signaling proteins are produced by bound ribosomes
.
3 38 S sites for protein Synthesis.
Once large and small subunits are joined by the mRNA from the nucleus, the
.
ribosomes translates the mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids.
Amino acids are joined together one by one to form poly peptic chains.
I
Example(made by free ribosomes): haemoglobin in young red blood cells.
-
, 2 .
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein fibers that :
Supports of cell
Shape .
anchor to fixed Locations
organelles .
Crisscrossing cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells
·
Dynamic system constantly forming & disassembling .
UC /
·
intercellular transport of ~
providing mechanical
streight.
organelles. .
·
chromosome separation in mitosis and meiosis
establishing
~
cell shape .
.
The cytoskeleton is made up of 3 kinds of protein filaments :
Microfilament/Actin filaments
2: Intermediate filaments
3 Micotubule (flagella)
.
Microfilament/Actin filaments
·
This filament made up of globular
protein activ .
-ach filaments made of 2 protein chains loosely twined
together .
Each subunit the chains is the
monomer on
globular protein actin .
-
unction :
Muscle movement contraction :
·
Actin filaments interact with motor molecules which , can attach and detach repeatedly .
Cytoplasmic streaming movement
·
in plants .
·
the cytoplasm within the cell , transports nutrients proteins & cell.
movement of ,
organelles in
Support to structure .
Amoeboid movement .
↳
Formation of pseudopodia , that
permit amoeboid movement
of certain cells .
↳ it
doesn't have cilia so it
moves by microfilaments
