Exam 1 Anatomy & Physiology The
Unity of Form and Function Questions
with Answers Correct
Comparative Physiology - ANSWERSThe study of how different species have solved
problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction. Comparative
physiology is also the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures.
Hippocrates - ANSWERSGreek physician, the "father" of medicine. He and his followers
established a code of ethics for physicians, the Hippocratic Oath, that is still re-cited in
modern form by graduating physicians at some medical schools.
Aristotle - ANSWERSOne of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and
physiology. He believed that diseases and other natural events could have either
supernatural causes, which he called theologi, or natural ones, which he called physici
or physiologi. We derive such terms as physician and physiology from the latter. Until
the nineteenth century, physicians were called " doctors of physic." In his anatomy
book, On the Parts of Animals, Aristotle tried to identify unifying themes in nature.
Among other points, he argued that complex structures are built from a smaller variety
of simple components— a perspective that we will find useful later in this chapter.
Claudius Galen - ANSWERSPhysician to the Roman gladiators, wrote the most
influential medical textbook of the ancient era— a book worshipped to excess by
medical professors for centuries to follow.
Maimonides - ANSWERSJewish physician - Moses ben Maimon. A highly admired
rabbi, Mai-monides wrote voluminously on Jewish law and theology, but also wrote 10
influential medical books and numerous treatises on specific diseases.
Avicenna or " the Galen of Islam" - ANSWERSMost highly regarded medical scholar
among Muslims. His textbook was "The Canon of Medicine" the leading authority in
European medical schools for over 500 years.
Andreas Vesalius - ANSWERSTaught anatomy in Italy. Wrote the first Atlas
William Harvey - ANSWERSWhat Vesalius was to anatomy, Harvey was to physiology.
Harvey is remembered especially for his studies of blood circulation and a little book he
published in 1628, known by its abbreviated title De Motu Cordis ( On the Motion of the
Heart).
, Michael Servetus - ANSWERSHe & Harvey were the first Western scientists to realize
that blood must circulate continuously around the body, from the heart to the other
organs and back to the heart again.
Robert Hooke - ANSWERSAn Englishman, designed scientific instruments of various
kinds, including the compound microscope. This is a tube with a lens at each end— an
objective lens near the specimen, which produces an initial magnified image, and an
ocular lens (eyepiece) near the ob-server's eye, which magnifies the first image still
further.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWERSA Dutch textile merchant, invented a simple (
single- lens) microscope, originally for the purpose of examining the weave of fabrics.
His microscope was a bead-like lens mounted in a metal plate equipped with a movable
specimen clip. Even though his microscopes were simpler than Hooke's, they achieved
much greater useful magnification ( up to 200×) owing to Leeuwenhoek's superior lens-
making technique.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - ANSWERSConcluded that all organisms
were composed of cells.
Francis Bacon in England and René Descartes in France - ANSWERSThey are credited
with putting science on the path to modernity, not by discovering anything new in nature
or inventing any techniques— for neither man was a scientist— but by inventing new
habits of scientific thought. based on assumptions and methods that yield reliable,
objective, testable information about nature.
Scientific method - ANSWERSRefers less to observational procedures than to certain
habits of disciplined creativity, careful observation, logical thinking, and honest analysis
of one's observations and conclusions. It is especially important in health science to
understand these habits.
Inductive Method - ANSWERSFirst prescribed by Bacon, is a process of making
numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and
predictions from them. What we know of anatomy is a product of the inductive method.
Hypothetico- deductive method - ANSWERSThe confirmation theory that a hypothesis
is confirmed when all of it logical consequences turn out to be true.
Hypothesis - ANSWERSAn informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and
potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection. An educated speculation or
possible answer to the question. A good hypothesis must be (1) consistent with what is
already known and (2) capable of being tested and possibly falsified by evidence. The
purpose of a hypothesis is to suggest a method for answering a question.
Unity of Form and Function Questions
with Answers Correct
Comparative Physiology - ANSWERSThe study of how different species have solved
problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction. Comparative
physiology is also the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures.
Hippocrates - ANSWERSGreek physician, the "father" of medicine. He and his followers
established a code of ethics for physicians, the Hippocratic Oath, that is still re-cited in
modern form by graduating physicians at some medical schools.
Aristotle - ANSWERSOne of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and
physiology. He believed that diseases and other natural events could have either
supernatural causes, which he called theologi, or natural ones, which he called physici
or physiologi. We derive such terms as physician and physiology from the latter. Until
the nineteenth century, physicians were called " doctors of physic." In his anatomy
book, On the Parts of Animals, Aristotle tried to identify unifying themes in nature.
Among other points, he argued that complex structures are built from a smaller variety
of simple components— a perspective that we will find useful later in this chapter.
Claudius Galen - ANSWERSPhysician to the Roman gladiators, wrote the most
influential medical textbook of the ancient era— a book worshipped to excess by
medical professors for centuries to follow.
Maimonides - ANSWERSJewish physician - Moses ben Maimon. A highly admired
rabbi, Mai-monides wrote voluminously on Jewish law and theology, but also wrote 10
influential medical books and numerous treatises on specific diseases.
Avicenna or " the Galen of Islam" - ANSWERSMost highly regarded medical scholar
among Muslims. His textbook was "The Canon of Medicine" the leading authority in
European medical schools for over 500 years.
Andreas Vesalius - ANSWERSTaught anatomy in Italy. Wrote the first Atlas
William Harvey - ANSWERSWhat Vesalius was to anatomy, Harvey was to physiology.
Harvey is remembered especially for his studies of blood circulation and a little book he
published in 1628, known by its abbreviated title De Motu Cordis ( On the Motion of the
Heart).
, Michael Servetus - ANSWERSHe & Harvey were the first Western scientists to realize
that blood must circulate continuously around the body, from the heart to the other
organs and back to the heart again.
Robert Hooke - ANSWERSAn Englishman, designed scientific instruments of various
kinds, including the compound microscope. This is a tube with a lens at each end— an
objective lens near the specimen, which produces an initial magnified image, and an
ocular lens (eyepiece) near the ob-server's eye, which magnifies the first image still
further.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWERSA Dutch textile merchant, invented a simple (
single- lens) microscope, originally for the purpose of examining the weave of fabrics.
His microscope was a bead-like lens mounted in a metal plate equipped with a movable
specimen clip. Even though his microscopes were simpler than Hooke's, they achieved
much greater useful magnification ( up to 200×) owing to Leeuwenhoek's superior lens-
making technique.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - ANSWERSConcluded that all organisms
were composed of cells.
Francis Bacon in England and René Descartes in France - ANSWERSThey are credited
with putting science on the path to modernity, not by discovering anything new in nature
or inventing any techniques— for neither man was a scientist— but by inventing new
habits of scientific thought. based on assumptions and methods that yield reliable,
objective, testable information about nature.
Scientific method - ANSWERSRefers less to observational procedures than to certain
habits of disciplined creativity, careful observation, logical thinking, and honest analysis
of one's observations and conclusions. It is especially important in health science to
understand these habits.
Inductive Method - ANSWERSFirst prescribed by Bacon, is a process of making
numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and
predictions from them. What we know of anatomy is a product of the inductive method.
Hypothetico- deductive method - ANSWERSThe confirmation theory that a hypothesis
is confirmed when all of it logical consequences turn out to be true.
Hypothesis - ANSWERSAn informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and
potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection. An educated speculation or
possible answer to the question. A good hypothesis must be (1) consistent with what is
already known and (2) capable of being tested and possibly falsified by evidence. The
purpose of a hypothesis is to suggest a method for answering a question.
