Medical Emergencies | CEN Prep 2025
Questions And Answers.
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How do you treat hypomagnesemia? - answer:-mg sulfate - 1-2g IV rapid if emergent,
over 2 hours if nonemergent
monitor of s/s of hypermagnesemia
electrolyte imbalance seen in acute and chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption,
HCTZ and loop diuretics - answer:-Hypomagnesemia
Reversal agent for opioids - answer:-Narcan (Naloxone)
Why is Flumazenil contraindicated in chronic Benzodiazepine use? - answer:-Risk for
seizures
Reversal agent for ACUTE Benzodiazepine toxicity - answer:-Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Overdose S/S - Resp. depression, HTN, bradycardia and hypothermia
"-pam" drug class - answer:-Sedative/Benzos
Endocrine Disorder
-Treated by hypertonic saline OR
-IV NS and Lasix
Water restriction - answer:-SIADH
Endocrine Disorder
High levels of ADH
S/S- Dec. UO, water intoxication, cerebral edema
*Risk of seizures due to dilutional hyponatremia - answer:-SIADH
Endocrine Disorder
Treated with/by:
-aqueous vasopressin (IV or SQ)
-lysin vasopressin spray
-DDAVP (desmopressin)
,Medical Emergencies | CEN Prep 2025
Questions And Answers.
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-fluid replacement, monitor for cerebral edema - answer:-D.I.
Endocrine Disorder
DX by hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality despite polyuria, low urine
specific gravity and urine osmolality - answer:-D.I.
Endocrine Disorder
low levels of ADH
S/S- polydipsia, polyuria - answer:-D.I.
HHS/HHNK Treatment
2 - answer:-IV insulin infusion until blood sugar is <300 then D5, 0.45 NS
replace electrolytes
Endocrine Disorder
Blood Sugar >600
Type 2 DM
No fruity smell
Normal pH, no acidosis
minimal or no ketones
severely altered LOC
Develops slowly
Profound dehydration - answer:-HHS/HHNK
Treatment plan for pt with DKA
(6) - answer:-1. treat hypovolemic shock (0.9% NS)
2. IV insulin infusion
3. add dextrose containing fluid when BS<250
4. replace electrolytes (k+)
5. treat with NA Bicarb if pH <7.0
6. insulin until you close anion gap
Substance overdose
, Medical Emergencies | CEN Prep 2025
Questions And Answers.
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S/S- sever HTN, tachycardia, hyperthermia, dilated pupils (mydriasis), hallucinations,
paranoia - answer:-Stimulants
Cocaine, meth, amphetamines, MDMA, molly, bath salts
Shock type
Sepsis (+) - 2 or more SIRS criteria and suspected infection
hypotension (SBP <90, MAP <65)
Unresponsive to fluid - answer:-Septic Shock
TX with Acamprosate (campral) or to reduce cravings and disulfiram (antabuse) as a
deterrent - answer:-ETOH abuse
Calcium oxalate crystals cause fluorescence;
TX with IV ethanol or Fomepizole (antizol) - answer:-Ethylene glycol (anti freeze)
Presence or suspicion of infection
with 2> SIRS criteria - answer:-Sepsis
Must have 2 or more:
WBC > 12,000
Temp > 38C (100.4F) or < 36C (96.8F)
HR > 90
RR > 20 - answer:-SIRS
Renal Disorder
S/S- HTN, Volume overload, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, uremic
syndrome, bruises, pruritis - answer:-Chronic Kidney Disease
Renal Failure Type
due to obstruction in the flow of urine - answer:-Post Renal
Renal Failure Type
-due to kidney damage; AKI, glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis from rhabdo
Questions And Answers.
Save
How do you treat hypomagnesemia? - answer:-mg sulfate - 1-2g IV rapid if emergent,
over 2 hours if nonemergent
monitor of s/s of hypermagnesemia
electrolyte imbalance seen in acute and chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption,
HCTZ and loop diuretics - answer:-Hypomagnesemia
Reversal agent for opioids - answer:-Narcan (Naloxone)
Why is Flumazenil contraindicated in chronic Benzodiazepine use? - answer:-Risk for
seizures
Reversal agent for ACUTE Benzodiazepine toxicity - answer:-Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Overdose S/S - Resp. depression, HTN, bradycardia and hypothermia
"-pam" drug class - answer:-Sedative/Benzos
Endocrine Disorder
-Treated by hypertonic saline OR
-IV NS and Lasix
Water restriction - answer:-SIADH
Endocrine Disorder
High levels of ADH
S/S- Dec. UO, water intoxication, cerebral edema
*Risk of seizures due to dilutional hyponatremia - answer:-SIADH
Endocrine Disorder
Treated with/by:
-aqueous vasopressin (IV or SQ)
-lysin vasopressin spray
-DDAVP (desmopressin)
,Medical Emergencies | CEN Prep 2025
Questions And Answers.
Save
-fluid replacement, monitor for cerebral edema - answer:-D.I.
Endocrine Disorder
DX by hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality despite polyuria, low urine
specific gravity and urine osmolality - answer:-D.I.
Endocrine Disorder
low levels of ADH
S/S- polydipsia, polyuria - answer:-D.I.
HHS/HHNK Treatment
2 - answer:-IV insulin infusion until blood sugar is <300 then D5, 0.45 NS
replace electrolytes
Endocrine Disorder
Blood Sugar >600
Type 2 DM
No fruity smell
Normal pH, no acidosis
minimal or no ketones
severely altered LOC
Develops slowly
Profound dehydration - answer:-HHS/HHNK
Treatment plan for pt with DKA
(6) - answer:-1. treat hypovolemic shock (0.9% NS)
2. IV insulin infusion
3. add dextrose containing fluid when BS<250
4. replace electrolytes (k+)
5. treat with NA Bicarb if pH <7.0
6. insulin until you close anion gap
Substance overdose
, Medical Emergencies | CEN Prep 2025
Questions And Answers.
Save
S/S- sever HTN, tachycardia, hyperthermia, dilated pupils (mydriasis), hallucinations,
paranoia - answer:-Stimulants
Cocaine, meth, amphetamines, MDMA, molly, bath salts
Shock type
Sepsis (+) - 2 or more SIRS criteria and suspected infection
hypotension (SBP <90, MAP <65)
Unresponsive to fluid - answer:-Septic Shock
TX with Acamprosate (campral) or to reduce cravings and disulfiram (antabuse) as a
deterrent - answer:-ETOH abuse
Calcium oxalate crystals cause fluorescence;
TX with IV ethanol or Fomepizole (antizol) - answer:-Ethylene glycol (anti freeze)
Presence or suspicion of infection
with 2> SIRS criteria - answer:-Sepsis
Must have 2 or more:
WBC > 12,000
Temp > 38C (100.4F) or < 36C (96.8F)
HR > 90
RR > 20 - answer:-SIRS
Renal Disorder
S/S- HTN, Volume overload, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, uremic
syndrome, bruises, pruritis - answer:-Chronic Kidney Disease
Renal Failure Type
due to obstruction in the flow of urine - answer:-Post Renal
Renal Failure Type
-due to kidney damage; AKI, glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis from rhabdo
