UPSC MOST ADVANCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(BY BRAJESH KATARA)
1. Polity: Why is Article 32 considered the backbone of fundamental
rights?
Answer: Article 32 gives individuals the power to directly approach the Supreme
Court if their basic rights are violated. It authorizes the Court to issue writs like
habeas corpus or mandamus, ensuring immediate justice. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called
it the “heart of the Constitution” because it makes fundamental rights truly
enforceable.
2. Polity: What measures help the Election Commission uphold
electoral fairness?
Answer: The Election Commission, a constitutionally protected body, ensures
impartial elections by monitoring campaign expenses, deploying observers, and
enforcing the Model Code of Conduct. With technology such as VVPAT-backed
EVMs and the power to cancel tainted polls, it keeps the electoral process credible.
3. History: How did the Non-Cooperation Movement alter India’s
independence struggle?
Answer: Started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, the movement urged Indians to
boycott foreign goods, law courts, and educational institutions. It brought rural
and urban masses into the freedom struggle for the first time. Although withdrawn
after the Chauri Chaura incident, it reshaped the Congress into a true mass party.
4. History: What role did the Quit India Movement play in the final
phase of freedom?
Answer: Launched in 1942, Quit India demanded immediate British withdrawal.
Even after the arrest of major leaders, underground networks disrupted railways,
communications, and government operations. It signaled that British rule lacked
public support, making independence inevitable after the war.
5. Economy: Why was the FRBM Act introduced?
Answer: The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (2003) was enacted
to limit government borrowing and bring transparency in public finance. It sets
clear deficit targets, improves investor confidence, and controls inflation.
Flexibility is allowed during economic shocks but the focus remains on fiscal
stability.
(BY BRAJESH KATARA)
1. Polity: Why is Article 32 considered the backbone of fundamental
rights?
Answer: Article 32 gives individuals the power to directly approach the Supreme
Court if their basic rights are violated. It authorizes the Court to issue writs like
habeas corpus or mandamus, ensuring immediate justice. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called
it the “heart of the Constitution” because it makes fundamental rights truly
enforceable.
2. Polity: What measures help the Election Commission uphold
electoral fairness?
Answer: The Election Commission, a constitutionally protected body, ensures
impartial elections by monitoring campaign expenses, deploying observers, and
enforcing the Model Code of Conduct. With technology such as VVPAT-backed
EVMs and the power to cancel tainted polls, it keeps the electoral process credible.
3. History: How did the Non-Cooperation Movement alter India’s
independence struggle?
Answer: Started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, the movement urged Indians to
boycott foreign goods, law courts, and educational institutions. It brought rural
and urban masses into the freedom struggle for the first time. Although withdrawn
after the Chauri Chaura incident, it reshaped the Congress into a true mass party.
4. History: What role did the Quit India Movement play in the final
phase of freedom?
Answer: Launched in 1942, Quit India demanded immediate British withdrawal.
Even after the arrest of major leaders, underground networks disrupted railways,
communications, and government operations. It signaled that British rule lacked
public support, making independence inevitable after the war.
5. Economy: Why was the FRBM Act introduced?
Answer: The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (2003) was enacted
to limit government borrowing and bring transparency in public finance. It sets
clear deficit targets, improves investor confidence, and controls inflation.
Flexibility is allowed during economic shocks but the focus remains on fiscal
stability.
