7/21/25, 9:05 PM
TURF & ORNAMENTAL WEED MANAGEMENT EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (95)
Native Weeds have historic origins in the area and were
NOT introduced by humans. rarely a
problem.
Introduced plants Come from other areas through human
activities, animals or environment. lack
natural predators or climate to keep
them in check
escaped plants intentionally introduced by humans, crop
or ornamentals that have spread beyond
their intended areas. no natural
mechanism for suppression
how are weeds seeds, stems, roots, rhizomes are moved
spread? or carried into new territory.
(wind/water/animals/people)
Grasses one seed leaf. leaves are narrow and
upright, parallel venation, fine branching
1/
16
,7/21/25, 9:05 PM
roots. round/oval stem. crabgrass,
quakgrass, barnyardgrass
Sedges triangular shapes stems, leaves extend in three
directions. yellow nutsedge
broadleaf two seed leaves. netlike veins, course root
system, taproot herbaceous or
woody/tree. Dandelion, knotweed,
plaintain, blackberry, willow
complete their life cycle in a single
Annuals year(12m). (Summer and winter) easiest
to control. continual problem due to
abundance of dormant seed, high
seed
production and fast growth. must stop seed
production.
complete their life cycle in two years.
Biennials reproduce from seed only. seeds
Biennials germinate one season and produce a
rosette with a fleshy taproot. The plant
elongates and produces flowers and
seeds during the second growing season.
easier to kill the first year
live for more than two years. Usually
Perennials perennials do not produce seed the
2/
16
, 7/21/25, 9:05 PM
year of establishment. Most perennials
reproduce by seed and many are able to
spread by vegetative means. (roots,
rhizomes, stolons, tubers, plant
fragments)
Simple perennials reproduce almost solely by seed:
however, they can re-sprout from crown
bud or taproot. dandelion, plantain
spread by means of specialized modified above-
ground stems(stolons) or below-
ground stems (rhizomes), as well as seed.
Canada thistle, ivy, nutsedge, Johnsongrass
Creeping perennials This group is most difficult to control
because of the diverse mechanisms for
survival. seed production must be
stopped and
vegetative propagation must be curtailed
by destroying both the above- and below-
ground portions of the plant. Tillage
implements drag rhizome and stolon
sections
throughout a field making containment more
difficult.
annuals and biannual only need to contact and kill shoots or leaves
3/
16
TURF & ORNAMENTAL WEED MANAGEMENT EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (95)
Native Weeds have historic origins in the area and were
NOT introduced by humans. rarely a
problem.
Introduced plants Come from other areas through human
activities, animals or environment. lack
natural predators or climate to keep
them in check
escaped plants intentionally introduced by humans, crop
or ornamentals that have spread beyond
their intended areas. no natural
mechanism for suppression
how are weeds seeds, stems, roots, rhizomes are moved
spread? or carried into new territory.
(wind/water/animals/people)
Grasses one seed leaf. leaves are narrow and
upright, parallel venation, fine branching
1/
16
,7/21/25, 9:05 PM
roots. round/oval stem. crabgrass,
quakgrass, barnyardgrass
Sedges triangular shapes stems, leaves extend in three
directions. yellow nutsedge
broadleaf two seed leaves. netlike veins, course root
system, taproot herbaceous or
woody/tree. Dandelion, knotweed,
plaintain, blackberry, willow
complete their life cycle in a single
Annuals year(12m). (Summer and winter) easiest
to control. continual problem due to
abundance of dormant seed, high
seed
production and fast growth. must stop seed
production.
complete their life cycle in two years.
Biennials reproduce from seed only. seeds
Biennials germinate one season and produce a
rosette with a fleshy taproot. The plant
elongates and produces flowers and
seeds during the second growing season.
easier to kill the first year
live for more than two years. Usually
Perennials perennials do not produce seed the
2/
16
, 7/21/25, 9:05 PM
year of establishment. Most perennials
reproduce by seed and many are able to
spread by vegetative means. (roots,
rhizomes, stolons, tubers, plant
fragments)
Simple perennials reproduce almost solely by seed:
however, they can re-sprout from crown
bud or taproot. dandelion, plantain
spread by means of specialized modified above-
ground stems(stolons) or below-
ground stems (rhizomes), as well as seed.
Canada thistle, ivy, nutsedge, Johnsongrass
Creeping perennials This group is most difficult to control
because of the diverse mechanisms for
survival. seed production must be
stopped and
vegetative propagation must be curtailed
by destroying both the above- and below-
ground portions of the plant. Tillage
implements drag rhizome and stolon
sections
throughout a field making containment more
difficult.
annuals and biannual only need to contact and kill shoots or leaves
3/
16
