Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Exam
2026 Questions and Answers
What are fluid compartments of the body? - Answer -65% of body is ICF and 35%
is ECF
What is ECF composed of? - Answer -25% is ISF, 8% is blood plasma, lymph, 2%
transcellular fluid
What are the two ways the body gains water? - Answer -Preformed water (ingested
in food and drink) and metabolic water (by product of aerobic respiration and
dehydration synthesis)
What are the routes of water loss? - Answer -Urine, feces, expired breath, sweat,
cutaneous transpiration
About how much water does the body lose each day? - Answer -400 ml
How much water does the typical adult male have? - Answer -40 liters or four
gallons
How much water do you take in and lose each day? - Answer -2500 ml in and 2500
ml out
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, What are the three ways body gains water? - Answer -Food, drink and metabolic
water
What are the five ways bodies lose water? - Answer -Feces, expired air, cutaneous
transpiration, sweat, urine
What happens during dehydration? - Answer -Blood volume/pressure decreases
whole blood osmolarity increases
How does the body respond to dehydration? - Answer -Angiotensin II is released in
response to low bp, ADH is produced in response to increased blood osmolarity.
All of which reduce salivation.
What is short term inhibition of thirst? - Answer -Cooling and moistening of the
mouth, distension of stomach and intestine.
What is long term inhibition of thirst? - Answer -Rehydration of blood (decreased
osmolarity), increases salivation.
What are the actions of ADH? - Answer -Changes concentration of urine, helps
retain water. Aquaporin are synthesized in response to ADH.
What is hypovolemia? - Answer -Total body water decreases (osmolarity is
normal)due to hemorrhage, severe burns, chronic vomiting, or diarrhea.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
2026 Questions and Answers
What are fluid compartments of the body? - Answer -65% of body is ICF and 35%
is ECF
What is ECF composed of? - Answer -25% is ISF, 8% is blood plasma, lymph, 2%
transcellular fluid
What are the two ways the body gains water? - Answer -Preformed water (ingested
in food and drink) and metabolic water (by product of aerobic respiration and
dehydration synthesis)
What are the routes of water loss? - Answer -Urine, feces, expired breath, sweat,
cutaneous transpiration
About how much water does the body lose each day? - Answer -400 ml
How much water does the typical adult male have? - Answer -40 liters or four
gallons
How much water do you take in and lose each day? - Answer -2500 ml in and 2500
ml out
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, What are the three ways body gains water? - Answer -Food, drink and metabolic
water
What are the five ways bodies lose water? - Answer -Feces, expired air, cutaneous
transpiration, sweat, urine
What happens during dehydration? - Answer -Blood volume/pressure decreases
whole blood osmolarity increases
How does the body respond to dehydration? - Answer -Angiotensin II is released in
response to low bp, ADH is produced in response to increased blood osmolarity.
All of which reduce salivation.
What is short term inhibition of thirst? - Answer -Cooling and moistening of the
mouth, distension of stomach and intestine.
What is long term inhibition of thirst? - Answer -Rehydration of blood (decreased
osmolarity), increases salivation.
What are the actions of ADH? - Answer -Changes concentration of urine, helps
retain water. Aquaporin are synthesized in response to ADH.
What is hypovolemia? - Answer -Total body water decreases (osmolarity is
normal)due to hemorrhage, severe burns, chronic vomiting, or diarrhea.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
