,TESTBANK for Essentials of Psychology Concepts
and Applications , 6th Edition Jeffrey S. Nevid
TESTBANK
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
1. The first psychology laboratory was founded by
a. William James.
b. John B. Watson.
c. Edward Titchener.
d. Wilhelm Wundt.
ANSWER: d
2. Which school of thought proposed that psychology should explain how people adapt or fail to adapt to
the real world outside of the laboratory, thus becoming the first applied psychologists?
a. Functionalists
b. Structuralists
c. Behaviorists
d. Psychoanalysts
ANSWER: a
3. Which theory proposed the technique of introspection?
a. Functionalism
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: b
4. Which early perspective of psychology focused more on the perception of patterns and whole figures
than the individual aspects of a stimulus?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: d
5. What was the first formal school of thought in psychology which sought to analyze the basic elements
of conscious mental experience?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Humanism
ANSWER: a
6. Skinner’s work in which school of thought had a powerful influence on modern psychology?
a. Cognitive
b. Humanistic
c. Evolutionary
d. Behavioral
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
7. Introspection is MOST closely associated with which of the following?
a. Wundt and structuralism
b. James and functionalism
c. Wertheimer and Gestalt
d. Structuralism and psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
8. In breaking away from the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives, psychologists developed which
perspective that focused on people’s unique characteristics and perspectives?
a. Biological
b. Sociocultural
c. Cognitive
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: d
9. Which approach emphasizes the understanding of mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs,
desires, memories, and conflicts?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Biological
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: a
10. According to the scientific method, which is a characteristic of all hypotheses?
a. They are true.
b. They are testable.
c. They are formulated only after completion of a study.
d. They are vague.
ANSWER: b
11. In science, how is a theory described?
a. A guess about the relationship between two variables
b. The outcome of one or more experiments
c. A general set of principles that attempts to explain what is known about a phenomenon
d. A prediction about an experiment
ANSWER: c
12. E. B. Titchener was MOST closely aligned with which early school of psychology?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Cognitive
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
13. Which of the following mental health professionals is the only one who, in many states, can prescribe
medicine?
a. A psychiatrist
b. A counselor
c. A social worker
d. A psychologist
ANSWER: a
14. Which of the following is the most complete definition of psychology?
a. The science of observable behavior and thoughts.
b. The science of behavior.
c. The science of mental processes.
d. The science of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: d
15. Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect?
a. When two variables are linked, it is unclear which causes the other.
b. Without random assignment, correlation cannot be determined.
c. Without random selection, causation is unable to be determined.
d. Only experiments that link variables together can show a correlation.
ANSWER: a
16. A functionalist is MOST likely to ask which of the following questions?
a. What purpose do superstitions serve?
b. How would you describe the taste of a peach?
c. What does the texture of chalk remind you of?
d. How does seeing a butterfly make you feel?
ANSWER: a
17. If deception in research must be used, which must occur?
a. Participants must be debriefed as soon as the study concludes.
b. Participants must be given no opportunity to withdraw from the study.
c. Participants must be provided appropriate excuses.
d. Participants must be offered additional compensation.
ANSWER: a
18. Which Greek philosopher emphasized the importance of acquiring knowledge through observation of
the natural world?
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Hippocrates
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
19. Which of the following is an accurate statement about animal research?
a. Animal research has no rules to follow.
b. Animal research must follow all relevant federal, state, and local laws.
c. Animals have none of the rights that human participants do.
d. Animal research is permissible with minimal supervision.
ANSWER: b
20. Ajit is a graduate student in psychology who is conducting research on the effectiveness of two types
of therapy in the treatment of phobias. Ajit is at the stage where he uses statistics to analyze the data he
has collected in order to determine if his initial hypothesis is supported by the research. At which stage of
the scientific method is Ajit working?
a. Drawing conclusions
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
21. All of the following are steps in the scientific method EXCEPT
a. drawing conclusions
b. developing a hypothesis
c. ignoring contradictory evidence
d. gathering evidence
ANSWER: c
22. Suppose Joan discovers that an event she shared in confidence during a session with her therapist has
been shared with others. Which is likely to occur?
a. Joan’s experience in therapy will be better because she is forced to deal directly with her
issues.
b. Joan’s experience in therapy will be worse because her therapist has violated their
confidentiality agreement.
c. Joan will file a complaint, but will be informed that psychologists cannot be reprimanded for
violating confidentiality.
d. This new information is unlikely to affect Joan’s future experiences in therapy.
ANSWER: b
23. Jenna and her family are concerned about her pattern of substance use. Which professional would
MOST likely be able to provide support for Jenna?
a. social psychologist
b. school psychologist
c. industrial/organizational psychologist
d. counseling psychologist
ANSWER: d
24. Javier is suffering from severe clinical depression and requires a prescription for an antidepressant. He
would MOST likely need to see which of the following professionals?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
a. A counseling psychologist
b. A psychiatrist
c. A clinical psychologist
d. A school psychologist
ANSWER: b
25. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
a. forming a hypothesis, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing
conclusions
b. gathering evidence, developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, drawing
conclusions
c. developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, drawing
conclusions
d. formulating a theory, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing
conclusions
ANSWER: c
26. Which of the following is a major human dignity issue for psychologists?
a. Making sure researchers are given proper credit for their work
b. Protecting pets from unnecessary harm
c. Protecting the rights of vulnerable or mentally ill individuals
d. Making sure therapists do not “steal” clients from other therapists
ANSWER: c
27. Suppose a participant in an experiment feels pressured by researchers to continue, despite wishing to
withdraw after the experiment begins. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this
situation?
a. The participant will intentionally bias the results.
b. The participant will demand extra compensation.
c. The participant will suffer psychological distress.
d. Nothing. Participants are not allowed to withdraw once they commit to participate.
ANSWER: c
28. Dr. Mingus keeps a very detailed record of a series of interviews with an individual who is suffering
from a rare brain disorder. This is an example of which research method?
a. Experiment
b. Correlational
c. Case study
d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: c
29. Your psychology professor refers to a research study and says the results were “statistically
significant.” Which step in the scientific method does this apply?
a. Drawing conclusions
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
30. Suppose the guards at a prison began to mistreat and abuse the inmates. When new guards join the
prison, they soon begin mistreating the prisoners as well, even though they have never done so before.
Which type of psychologist would be most interested in studying why this occurs?
a. Counseling psychologist
b. Developmental psychologist
c. Social psychologist
d. Physiological psychologist
ANSWER: a
31. Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research
method?
a. naturalistic observation
b. experiments
c. case studies
d. surveys
ANSWER: d
32. The use of the survey method is limited by which types of biases?
a. social desirability bias and volunteer bias
b. random sampling bias and population bias
c. case study bias and observational bias
d. survey bias and volunteer bias
ANSWER: a
33. Who is the only African American to have served as president of the American Psychological
Association?
a. Kenneth Clark
b. J. Henry Alston
c. Gilbert Haven Jones
d. Francis Sumner
ANSWER: a
34. In survey research, _______ are segments of the total group who are the subject of interest to the
researcher.
a. populations
b. volunteers
c. control groups
d. samples
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
35. Regarding the psychodynamic perspective, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Today, people formally trained in Freudian psychology reject the belief that psychological
problems may be rooted in childhood.
b. Compared to Freud, neo-Freudians place less emphasis on basic drives.
c. Psychodynamic principles and ideas are found in our popular culture.
d. The psychodynamic perspective remains a vibrant force in psychology today.
ANSWER: a
36. It is important for psychologists to remember that psychological explanations for behavior
a. may not apply to all situations or all groups of people.
b. are equally valid for all groups and situations.
c. are always biased.
d. are always based on observational research.
ANSWER: a
37. Dr. Chen finds in her study of people’s charitable habits that individuals overestimate the amount of
money they give to their churches and private schools. Dr. Chen’s results may reflect
a. over-representation bias.
b. social desirability bias.
c. poor random sampling.
d. large sample bias.
ANSWER: b
38. Suppose a study is conducted examining the development of sexual orientation in young men. Why
should the researchers be cautious about generalizing their results to both sexes?
a. The development of sexual orientation for young women may not be the same as for young
men.
b. The study results are correlational and cannot be interpreted as causal.
c. The results based on a sample should never be generalized to a population.
d. The participants probably did not take the study seriously.
ANSWER: a
39. Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang watches children in a daycare center through a one-way
mirror. Chang is utilizing which form of research?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. naturalistic observation
d. esurvey
ANSWER: c
40. Suppose Anita conducts an experiment to test which types of stimuli elicit the fastest reaction time in
participants. When she publishes her results in a scientific paper, Anita includes information on the
equipment she used to measure reaction time and on exactly which stimuli were used in the study.
According to the scientific method, including this information is important so that other researchers
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
a. can determine if Anita was properly educated.
b. know that Anita used the most advanced equipment.
c. know that Anita actually performed the experiment.
d. can replicate Anita’s experiment if they want to do so.
ANSWER: d
41. A statistical measure of the association between two variables is called a(n)
a. independent variable.
b. dependent variable.
c. control variable.
d. correlation coefficient.
ANSWER: d
42. A vendor at a soccer stadium notices that the warmer the weather, the more beverages he normally
sells. In technical terms, the vendor has noticed that temperature and beverage sales are
a. positively correlated.
b. indirectly correlated.
c. negatively correlated.
d. independent.
ANSWER: a
43. A study found that the age at which a traumatic event happens to a child is negatively correlated with
later emotional problems. Which of the following would be a valid conclusion based on this finding?
a. Traumatic events are more likely to happen to younger children than older children.
b. Younger children are more likely than older children to develop severe emotional problems
following a traumatic event.
c. Younger children experience fewer emotional problems than older children due to traumatic
events.
d. No conclusions are possible because correlational studies cannot determine cause and effect.
ANSWER: b
44. Ben is visiting his cousin, Manuela, in whose home it is customary to display pleasure with a meal by
belching after eating. When they finish eating, Ben’s failure to belch loudly would BEST be explained by
which influence?
a. Sociocultural factors
b. Biological factors
c. Evolutionary factors
d. Developmental factors
ANSWER: a
45. A researcher is performing a naturalistic observation study with chimpanzees in Africa. One day, she
notices that the chimpanzees are making more noise than normal. Later that same day, she notices a
leopard in the area. Which of the following could the researcher conclude?
a. There was no relationship between the increased noise and the leopard.
b. The noise attracted the leopard.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
and Applications , 6th Edition Jeffrey S. Nevid
TESTBANK
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
1. The first psychology laboratory was founded by
a. William James.
b. John B. Watson.
c. Edward Titchener.
d. Wilhelm Wundt.
ANSWER: d
2. Which school of thought proposed that psychology should explain how people adapt or fail to adapt to
the real world outside of the laboratory, thus becoming the first applied psychologists?
a. Functionalists
b. Structuralists
c. Behaviorists
d. Psychoanalysts
ANSWER: a
3. Which theory proposed the technique of introspection?
a. Functionalism
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: b
4. Which early perspective of psychology focused more on the perception of patterns and whole figures
than the individual aspects of a stimulus?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: d
5. What was the first formal school of thought in psychology which sought to analyze the basic elements
of conscious mental experience?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Humanism
ANSWER: a
6. Skinner’s work in which school of thought had a powerful influence on modern psychology?
a. Cognitive
b. Humanistic
c. Evolutionary
d. Behavioral
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
7. Introspection is MOST closely associated with which of the following?
a. Wundt and structuralism
b. James and functionalism
c. Wertheimer and Gestalt
d. Structuralism and psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
8. In breaking away from the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives, psychologists developed which
perspective that focused on people’s unique characteristics and perspectives?
a. Biological
b. Sociocultural
c. Cognitive
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: d
9. Which approach emphasizes the understanding of mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs,
desires, memories, and conflicts?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Biological
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: a
10. According to the scientific method, which is a characteristic of all hypotheses?
a. They are true.
b. They are testable.
c. They are formulated only after completion of a study.
d. They are vague.
ANSWER: b
11. In science, how is a theory described?
a. A guess about the relationship between two variables
b. The outcome of one or more experiments
c. A general set of principles that attempts to explain what is known about a phenomenon
d. A prediction about an experiment
ANSWER: c
12. E. B. Titchener was MOST closely aligned with which early school of psychology?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Cognitive
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
13. Which of the following mental health professionals is the only one who, in many states, can prescribe
medicine?
a. A psychiatrist
b. A counselor
c. A social worker
d. A psychologist
ANSWER: a
14. Which of the following is the most complete definition of psychology?
a. The science of observable behavior and thoughts.
b. The science of behavior.
c. The science of mental processes.
d. The science of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: d
15. Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect?
a. When two variables are linked, it is unclear which causes the other.
b. Without random assignment, correlation cannot be determined.
c. Without random selection, causation is unable to be determined.
d. Only experiments that link variables together can show a correlation.
ANSWER: a
16. A functionalist is MOST likely to ask which of the following questions?
a. What purpose do superstitions serve?
b. How would you describe the taste of a peach?
c. What does the texture of chalk remind you of?
d. How does seeing a butterfly make you feel?
ANSWER: a
17. If deception in research must be used, which must occur?
a. Participants must be debriefed as soon as the study concludes.
b. Participants must be given no opportunity to withdraw from the study.
c. Participants must be provided appropriate excuses.
d. Participants must be offered additional compensation.
ANSWER: a
18. Which Greek philosopher emphasized the importance of acquiring knowledge through observation of
the natural world?
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Hippocrates
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
19. Which of the following is an accurate statement about animal research?
a. Animal research has no rules to follow.
b. Animal research must follow all relevant federal, state, and local laws.
c. Animals have none of the rights that human participants do.
d. Animal research is permissible with minimal supervision.
ANSWER: b
20. Ajit is a graduate student in psychology who is conducting research on the effectiveness of two types
of therapy in the treatment of phobias. Ajit is at the stage where he uses statistics to analyze the data he
has collected in order to determine if his initial hypothesis is supported by the research. At which stage of
the scientific method is Ajit working?
a. Drawing conclusions
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
21. All of the following are steps in the scientific method EXCEPT
a. drawing conclusions
b. developing a hypothesis
c. ignoring contradictory evidence
d. gathering evidence
ANSWER: c
22. Suppose Joan discovers that an event she shared in confidence during a session with her therapist has
been shared with others. Which is likely to occur?
a. Joan’s experience in therapy will be better because she is forced to deal directly with her
issues.
b. Joan’s experience in therapy will be worse because her therapist has violated their
confidentiality agreement.
c. Joan will file a complaint, but will be informed that psychologists cannot be reprimanded for
violating confidentiality.
d. This new information is unlikely to affect Joan’s future experiences in therapy.
ANSWER: b
23. Jenna and her family are concerned about her pattern of substance use. Which professional would
MOST likely be able to provide support for Jenna?
a. social psychologist
b. school psychologist
c. industrial/organizational psychologist
d. counseling psychologist
ANSWER: d
24. Javier is suffering from severe clinical depression and requires a prescription for an antidepressant. He
would MOST likely need to see which of the following professionals?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
a. A counseling psychologist
b. A psychiatrist
c. A clinical psychologist
d. A school psychologist
ANSWER: b
25. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
a. forming a hypothesis, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing
conclusions
b. gathering evidence, developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, drawing
conclusions
c. developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, drawing
conclusions
d. formulating a theory, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing
conclusions
ANSWER: c
26. Which of the following is a major human dignity issue for psychologists?
a. Making sure researchers are given proper credit for their work
b. Protecting pets from unnecessary harm
c. Protecting the rights of vulnerable or mentally ill individuals
d. Making sure therapists do not “steal” clients from other therapists
ANSWER: c
27. Suppose a participant in an experiment feels pressured by researchers to continue, despite wishing to
withdraw after the experiment begins. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this
situation?
a. The participant will intentionally bias the results.
b. The participant will demand extra compensation.
c. The participant will suffer psychological distress.
d. Nothing. Participants are not allowed to withdraw once they commit to participate.
ANSWER: c
28. Dr. Mingus keeps a very detailed record of a series of interviews with an individual who is suffering
from a rare brain disorder. This is an example of which research method?
a. Experiment
b. Correlational
c. Case study
d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: c
29. Your psychology professor refers to a research study and says the results were “statistically
significant.” Which step in the scientific method does this apply?
a. Drawing conclusions
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
30. Suppose the guards at a prison began to mistreat and abuse the inmates. When new guards join the
prison, they soon begin mistreating the prisoners as well, even though they have never done so before.
Which type of psychologist would be most interested in studying why this occurs?
a. Counseling psychologist
b. Developmental psychologist
c. Social psychologist
d. Physiological psychologist
ANSWER: a
31. Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research
method?
a. naturalistic observation
b. experiments
c. case studies
d. surveys
ANSWER: d
32. The use of the survey method is limited by which types of biases?
a. social desirability bias and volunteer bias
b. random sampling bias and population bias
c. case study bias and observational bias
d. survey bias and volunteer bias
ANSWER: a
33. Who is the only African American to have served as president of the American Psychological
Association?
a. Kenneth Clark
b. J. Henry Alston
c. Gilbert Haven Jones
d. Francis Sumner
ANSWER: a
34. In survey research, _______ are segments of the total group who are the subject of interest to the
researcher.
a. populations
b. volunteers
c. control groups
d. samples
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
35. Regarding the psychodynamic perspective, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Today, people formally trained in Freudian psychology reject the belief that psychological
problems may be rooted in childhood.
b. Compared to Freud, neo-Freudians place less emphasis on basic drives.
c. Psychodynamic principles and ideas are found in our popular culture.
d. The psychodynamic perspective remains a vibrant force in psychology today.
ANSWER: a
36. It is important for psychologists to remember that psychological explanations for behavior
a. may not apply to all situations or all groups of people.
b. are equally valid for all groups and situations.
c. are always biased.
d. are always based on observational research.
ANSWER: a
37. Dr. Chen finds in her study of people’s charitable habits that individuals overestimate the amount of
money they give to their churches and private schools. Dr. Chen’s results may reflect
a. over-representation bias.
b. social desirability bias.
c. poor random sampling.
d. large sample bias.
ANSWER: b
38. Suppose a study is conducted examining the development of sexual orientation in young men. Why
should the researchers be cautious about generalizing their results to both sexes?
a. The development of sexual orientation for young women may not be the same as for young
men.
b. The study results are correlational and cannot be interpreted as causal.
c. The results based on a sample should never be generalized to a population.
d. The participants probably did not take the study seriously.
ANSWER: a
39. Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang watches children in a daycare center through a one-way
mirror. Chang is utilizing which form of research?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. naturalistic observation
d. esurvey
ANSWER: c
40. Suppose Anita conducts an experiment to test which types of stimuli elicit the fastest reaction time in
participants. When she publishes her results in a scientific paper, Anita includes information on the
equipment she used to measure reaction time and on exactly which stimuli were used in the study.
According to the scientific method, including this information is important so that other researchers
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
a. can determine if Anita was properly educated.
b. know that Anita used the most advanced equipment.
c. know that Anita actually performed the experiment.
d. can replicate Anita’s experiment if they want to do so.
ANSWER: d
41. A statistical measure of the association between two variables is called a(n)
a. independent variable.
b. dependent variable.
c. control variable.
d. correlation coefficient.
ANSWER: d
42. A vendor at a soccer stadium notices that the warmer the weather, the more beverages he normally
sells. In technical terms, the vendor has noticed that temperature and beverage sales are
a. positively correlated.
b. indirectly correlated.
c. negatively correlated.
d. independent.
ANSWER: a
43. A study found that the age at which a traumatic event happens to a child is negatively correlated with
later emotional problems. Which of the following would be a valid conclusion based on this finding?
a. Traumatic events are more likely to happen to younger children than older children.
b. Younger children are more likely than older children to develop severe emotional problems
following a traumatic event.
c. Younger children experience fewer emotional problems than older children due to traumatic
events.
d. No conclusions are possible because correlational studies cannot determine cause and effect.
ANSWER: b
44. Ben is visiting his cousin, Manuela, in whose home it is customary to display pleasure with a meal by
belching after eating. When they finish eating, Ben’s failure to belch loudly would BEST be explained by
which influence?
a. Sociocultural factors
b. Biological factors
c. Evolutionary factors
d. Developmental factors
ANSWER: a
45. A researcher is performing a naturalistic observation study with chimpanzees in Africa. One day, she
notices that the chimpanzees are making more noise than normal. Later that same day, she notices a
leopard in the area. Which of the following could the researcher conclude?
a. There was no relationship between the increased noise and the leopard.
b. The noise attracted the leopard.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
