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APEA 3P Exam Predictor 2025/2026 – 180 Verified Questions
with Answers & Rationales | Patho, Pharm, Physical
Assessment | 100% Pass Guaranteed
1. A patient with Addison’s disease is most at risk for which
complication?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Fluid overload
C. Hypotension
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C. Hypotension
Rationale: Addison’s disease leads to decreased cortisol and
aldosterone, resulting in sodium loss and hypotension.
2. What is the hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria
C. Polyuria
, D. Pyuria
Correct Answer: B. Proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excessive protein
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loss in the urine due to glomerular damage.
3. Which lab value is most consistent with iron deficiency anemia?
A. Elevated ferritin
B. High MCV
C. Low serum iron
D. High hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C. Low serum iron
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia typically presents with low serum
iron and low ferritin levels.
4. A patient with chronic kidney disease may develop which acid-
base imbalance?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B. Metabolic acidosis
, Rationale: CKD impairs the kidneys’ ability to excrete hydrogen ions,
leading to metabolic acidosis.
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5. What is the primary defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Increased hepatic glucose production
C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
D. Overproduction of insulin
Correct Answer: C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 DM results from autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
6. What finding is most consistent with right-sided heart failure?
A. Pulmonary crackles
B. S3 gallop
C. Jugular venous distention
D. Orthopnea
Correct Answer: C. Jugular venous distention
Rationale: Right-sided HF leads to systemic congestion, including JVD,
peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly.
, 7. Which is a classic early symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Vision disturbances
B. Bradykinesia
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C. Resting tremors
D. Gait ataxia
Correct Answer: A. Vision disturbances
Rationale: Optic neuritis and blurred vision are early symptoms due to
demyelination in MS.
8. Which hormone is deficient in central diabetes insipidus?
A. Insulin
B. Aldosterone
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: Central DI results from lack of ADH, leading to excessive
water loss.
9. In COPD, the primary pathophysiologic change is:
A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Alveolar hemorrhage
C. Airflow limitation due to airway obstruction
APEA 3P Exam Predictor 2025/2026 – 180 Verified Questions
with Answers & Rationales | Patho, Pharm, Physical
Assessment | 100% Pass Guaranteed
1. A patient with Addison’s disease is most at risk for which
complication?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Fluid overload
C. Hypotension
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C. Hypotension
Rationale: Addison’s disease leads to decreased cortisol and
aldosterone, resulting in sodium loss and hypotension.
2. What is the hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria
C. Polyuria
, D. Pyuria
Correct Answer: B. Proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excessive protein
Page | 2
loss in the urine due to glomerular damage.
3. Which lab value is most consistent with iron deficiency anemia?
A. Elevated ferritin
B. High MCV
C. Low serum iron
D. High hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C. Low serum iron
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia typically presents with low serum
iron and low ferritin levels.
4. A patient with chronic kidney disease may develop which acid-
base imbalance?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B. Metabolic acidosis
, Rationale: CKD impairs the kidneys’ ability to excrete hydrogen ions,
leading to metabolic acidosis.
Page | 3
5. What is the primary defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Increased hepatic glucose production
C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
D. Overproduction of insulin
Correct Answer: C. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 DM results from autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
6. What finding is most consistent with right-sided heart failure?
A. Pulmonary crackles
B. S3 gallop
C. Jugular venous distention
D. Orthopnea
Correct Answer: C. Jugular venous distention
Rationale: Right-sided HF leads to systemic congestion, including JVD,
peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly.
, 7. Which is a classic early symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Vision disturbances
B. Bradykinesia
Page | 4
C. Resting tremors
D. Gait ataxia
Correct Answer: A. Vision disturbances
Rationale: Optic neuritis and blurred vision are early symptoms due to
demyelination in MS.
8. Which hormone is deficient in central diabetes insipidus?
A. Insulin
B. Aldosterone
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: Central DI results from lack of ADH, leading to excessive
water loss.
9. In COPD, the primary pathophysiologic change is:
A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Alveolar hemorrhage
C. Airflow limitation due to airway obstruction
