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ORTHOTIC CPM EXAM 2025 UPDATED
ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
Which muscle group is most likely affected if you observe a
patient with a shortened step on the sound side (assuming the
patient is unilaterally involved)? - correct answer- plantarflexors
What type of AFO would you use for a patient with a tibial nerve
lesion? - correct answer- Plantarflexion free, dorsiflexion stop
A patient exhibits hallux rigidus, at which part of stance phase
will the patient have the most discomfort? - correct answer-
Late stance phase
What does the term foot progression angle refer to? - correct
answer- Relationship between line of progression and long axis
of foot
At which joint and in which plane does the motion of inversion
and eversion occur? - correct answer- Subtalar (or
talocalcaneonavicular) joint, coronal plane
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What motion and at what phase of gait does a cushioned heel
simulate? - correct answer- plantarflexion at heel strike, initial
contact
Injury to which nerve presents as paralytic equinus during
swing phase? - correct answer- common peroneal nerve
If the ankle is 90 degrees at initial contact, what type of moment
do you have at the knee? - correct answer- Knee flexion
moment
If the ankle is in 3 degrees of plantarflexion at midstance, what
type of moment do you have at the knee? - correct answer-
knee extension moment
During which phase of gait does the ankle achieve the greatest
amount of dorsiflexion in a healthy individual which normal
ROM and muscle functionality? - correct answer- terminal
stance
Which ligament maintains the medial arch? - correct answer-
spring ligament (plantarcalcanealnavicular ligament)
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What percentage of the gait cycle is spent in double limb
support? - correct answer- 20%
The dorsiflexion stop performs the function of which muscle? -
correct answer- gastricnemius/soleus
The functions of the tibialis anterior muscles are? - correct
answer- dorsiflexion and inversion
What moment at the knee is created in stance phase of gait in
a solid thermoplastic AFO set to neutral with a rigid full length
footplate? Additionally, where in stance would be this most
noticed by the patient? - correct answer- increase the knee
extension moment, terminal stance
Crouch gait pattern presentation - correct answer- flexed hips,
flexed knees, dorsiflexed ankles
A single gait cycle defined as? - correct answer- Heel strike on
one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
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How can you prevent a knee orthosis from migrating down? -
correct answer- Supracondylar wedge, suprapatellar strap,
attach a footplate, lightweight belt
What adjustment to a metal AFO would best accommodate
excessive tibial torsion? - correct answer- deflection of sidebars
Patient reports pain and redness at the medial malleolus upon
weight bearing which worsens with ambulation - what
adjustments would you make? - correct answer- -does patient
have adequate clearance at medial joint space?
-addition of pad in medial longitudinal arch/proximal to the
medial malleolus
-dynamic slotted medial instep strap to provide valgus
correction intrinsic medial heel post
If you have a total contact UCBL intrinsically, but you still have
calcaneal valgus, what modifications do you need to make? -
correct answer- add extrinsic medial wedge
Patient was fit one week ago with a solid ankle AFO and
reports that they feel like their knee flexes rapidly at heel strike.
ORTHOTIC CPM EXAM 2025 UPDATED
ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
Which muscle group is most likely affected if you observe a
patient with a shortened step on the sound side (assuming the
patient is unilaterally involved)? - correct answer- plantarflexors
What type of AFO would you use for a patient with a tibial nerve
lesion? - correct answer- Plantarflexion free, dorsiflexion stop
A patient exhibits hallux rigidus, at which part of stance phase
will the patient have the most discomfort? - correct answer-
Late stance phase
What does the term foot progression angle refer to? - correct
answer- Relationship between line of progression and long axis
of foot
At which joint and in which plane does the motion of inversion
and eversion occur? - correct answer- Subtalar (or
talocalcaneonavicular) joint, coronal plane
,2 | Page
What motion and at what phase of gait does a cushioned heel
simulate? - correct answer- plantarflexion at heel strike, initial
contact
Injury to which nerve presents as paralytic equinus during
swing phase? - correct answer- common peroneal nerve
If the ankle is 90 degrees at initial contact, what type of moment
do you have at the knee? - correct answer- Knee flexion
moment
If the ankle is in 3 degrees of plantarflexion at midstance, what
type of moment do you have at the knee? - correct answer-
knee extension moment
During which phase of gait does the ankle achieve the greatest
amount of dorsiflexion in a healthy individual which normal
ROM and muscle functionality? - correct answer- terminal
stance
Which ligament maintains the medial arch? - correct answer-
spring ligament (plantarcalcanealnavicular ligament)
,3 | Page
What percentage of the gait cycle is spent in double limb
support? - correct answer- 20%
The dorsiflexion stop performs the function of which muscle? -
correct answer- gastricnemius/soleus
The functions of the tibialis anterior muscles are? - correct
answer- dorsiflexion and inversion
What moment at the knee is created in stance phase of gait in
a solid thermoplastic AFO set to neutral with a rigid full length
footplate? Additionally, where in stance would be this most
noticed by the patient? - correct answer- increase the knee
extension moment, terminal stance
Crouch gait pattern presentation - correct answer- flexed hips,
flexed knees, dorsiflexed ankles
A single gait cycle defined as? - correct answer- Heel strike on
one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
, 4 | Page
How can you prevent a knee orthosis from migrating down? -
correct answer- Supracondylar wedge, suprapatellar strap,
attach a footplate, lightweight belt
What adjustment to a metal AFO would best accommodate
excessive tibial torsion? - correct answer- deflection of sidebars
Patient reports pain and redness at the medial malleolus upon
weight bearing which worsens with ambulation - what
adjustments would you make? - correct answer- -does patient
have adequate clearance at medial joint space?
-addition of pad in medial longitudinal arch/proximal to the
medial malleolus
-dynamic slotted medial instep strap to provide valgus
correction intrinsic medial heel post
If you have a total contact UCBL intrinsically, but you still have
calcaneal valgus, what modifications do you need to make? -
correct answer- add extrinsic medial wedge
Patient was fit one week ago with a solid ankle AFO and
reports that they feel like their knee flexes rapidly at heel strike.
