Orthopedic Surgery OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT Questions with Correct DETAILED Answers 2025/2026(A+ GRADED 100% GUARANTEED PASS)

Orthopedic Surgery OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT Questions with Correct DETAILED Answers 2025/2026(A+ GRADED 100% GUARANTEED PASS) 1. Identify the layer of connective tissue that covers all bone: A. Periosteum B. Calcium C. Cartilage D. Fascia - ANSWER Periosteum 2. A ridic of bone (e.g., iliac crest) - ANSWER Crest 3. A rounded orifice in a bone (e.g., olfactory foramen); usually a passageway for blood vessels or nerves - ANSWER Foramen 4. A depression in a bone (e.g., iliac fossa) - ANSWER Fossa 5. A narrow bridge of bone between two other structures (e.g., neck of the femur, neck of the humerus) - ANSWER Neck 6. A projection of bone (e.g., coracoid process) - ANSWER Process 7. A cavity within a bone (e.g., nasal sinus) - ANSWER Sinus 8. A sharp, narrow projection (e.g., spinous process) - ANSWER Spine 9. A groove in a bone - ANSWER Sulcus 10. A small, rounded projection (e.g., deltoid tubercle) - ANSWER A large, rounded projection (e.g., ischial tuberosity) 11. The fracture line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone - ANSWER Transverse 12. A type of transverse fracture that occurs at an angle - ANSWER Oblique 13. A fracture of the long bone that occurs in a spiral pattern as the result of twisting or torsion the the bone - ANSWER Spiral 14. A fracture in which bone gragments are driven into each other or into another bone - ANSWER Impacted 15. A fracture with two or more pieces - ANSWER Comminuted 16. A fracture in which the fractured end penetrates the skin - ANSWER Open 17. A fracture of immature bone that is soft and less brittle than mature bone - ANSWER Greenstick 18. The scaphoid, also called the navicular, links the proximal row of carpal bones as it: A. Articulates with each metacarpal B. attaches its rough surfaces to the ligaments C. stabilizes and coordinates the movement of the proximal and distal rows. D. articulates proximally with its matching carpel row. - ANSWER Stabilizes and coordinates the movement of the proximal and distal rows. 19. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are used for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures attributes to osteoporosis or pathologic conditions. Bone cement is injected into the vertebral body to decrease back pain and prevent further vertebral body height loss. Equipment includes C-arm, radiolucent OR bed, and x-ray vests for staff as well as bone biopsy needles, vertebroplasty system, and cement injection system. An important consideration relevant to this interventional radiology-assisted procedure would be: A. shield the patient with a lead apron, covering from thyroid to reproductive organs. B. organize and have casting supplies available outside of the room. C. position the patient in prone body alignment with padding to prevent skin and nerve injury. D. abduct both arms less than 90 degrees on attached arm boards. - ANSWER Position the patient in prone body alignment with padding to prevent skin and nerve injury. 20. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, or bone cement) is an acrylic, cement-like substance composed of a liquid methyl methacrylate monomer and a powder methyl methacrylate-styrene co-polymer. What element is added to the powder component to make the finished product radiopaque? A. Radiografinpaque B. Polucrylate Sodium C. Barium D. Granular allograft bone - ANSWER Barium 21. The surgeon may treat distal limb fractures with a closed reduction, rather than open or external fixation, manipulating the fragments into position without incising the skin. When possible, this is the treatment of choice because it decreases the opportunity for infection, improves results (including bone union of the fracture), and minimizes the recovery period. Closed reduction with local or light anesthesia may permit ambulatory surgery. Select a situation where closed reduction would be performed in addition to open reduction and fixation surgery to a distal limb. A. Significant bone comminution B. Where periosteal damage is evident C. Before an open procedure to reduce the fracture site. D. When soft tissue entrapment is suspected. - ANSWER When soft tissue entrapment is suspected 22. Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of bone, which leads to reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This malabsorption condition is due to a deficiency of _____ that can be treated by _______. A. calcium; nutritional diet and supplements. B. vitamin D; dietary supplements and exposure to sunlight C. phosphorus; nutraceuticals and exposure to therapeutic radiation D. soy protein; weight-bearing exercise and sunlight - ANSWER Vitamin D; dietary supplements and exposure to sunlight 23. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a method of providing exposure of the fracture site and using pins, wire screws, a plate and screw combination, rods, or nails to correct the fracture. Surgeons use open reduction and internal fixation when they are unable to reduce a fracture by closed methods and skeletal traction is not indicated. What would be an advantage for an open rather than closed fracture reduction technique? A. Direct observation and verification of fracture alignment B. Decreased opportunity for surgical site infection C. Improved bone union outcomes D. Ability to rule out comminuted or compound fractures without imaging. - ANSWER Direct observation and verification of fracture alignment 24. Paget's disease is a disorder affecting older adults. The bones are weak and poorly constructed. It is characterized by the proliferation of osteoclasts and compensatory increased osteoblastic activity. This degenerative process results in: A. weak and non-supported bone matrix. B. replacement of cancellous bone with cortical bone. C. rapid, disorganized bone remodeling. D. immature bone cells with air spaces. - ANSWER Rapid, disorganized bone remodeling 25. Osteoporosis is one of the most common and serious bone diseases and is responsible for more than 2 million fractures a year. Osteoporosis -related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, spine, and wrist, but any bone can be affected. The excessive reduction of total bone mass in osteoporosis is due to the loss of: A. calcified matrix and collagenous fibers. B. exercise and weight-bearing physical activity. C. estrogen and testosterone D. calcium and Vitamin D. - ANSWER Calcified matrix and collagenous fibers