Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons:
● Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon only
● The carbon atoms can be joined together by single, double or triple bonds
● Carbon-hydrogen bonds are single bonds only
Formulae:
● Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the
compound
● Molecular Formula: The actual number of each type of atom present in the
compound as counted
● Structural Formula: Shows how the atoms in a molecule are joined together
● General Formula: The formula that all compounds of the same homologous
series adhere to
● Functional group: Atom or groups of atoms that determine the chemical
properties of a compound
● Structural isomers: Compounds that have the same molecular formula but
different structural formula
Naming Organic compounds:
● Alkanes: Hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon covalent bonds. Have an
“ane” ending.
Hydrocarbons:
● Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon only
● The carbon atoms can be joined together by single, double or triple bonds
● Carbon-hydrogen bonds are single bonds only
Formulae:
● Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the
compound
● Molecular Formula: The actual number of each type of atom present in the
compound as counted
● Structural Formula: Shows how the atoms in a molecule are joined together
● General Formula: The formula that all compounds of the same homologous
series adhere to
● Functional group: Atom or groups of atoms that determine the chemical
properties of a compound
● Structural isomers: Compounds that have the same molecular formula but
different structural formula
Naming Organic compounds:
● Alkanes: Hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon covalent bonds. Have an
“ane” ending.
