Hondros 212 Exam 3
with correct naswers
0225/2026
Health risk associated with obesity - correct answersDepression, T2DM, metabolic syndrome,
polycystic ovary disease, sleep apnea, asthma, pulmonary HTN, menstrual irregularities,
infertility, gestational diabetes, huperlipidemia, sudden cardiac death, a fib, HTN, CAD, DVT,
right sided HF, NASH, gallstones, GERD, kidney cancer, CKD, esophagus, pancreas, thyroid,
colorectal and gallbladder cancer, breast and ovarian cancer
Nutritional therapy for obesity - correct answersRestricting dietary intake so that it is below
energy requirements- includes all food groups
Criteria guidelines for bariatric surgery - correct answersBMI of 40 or more or a BMI of 35 or
more with other significant co-morbidities (HTN, T2DM, HF, sleep apnea)
Disadvantages of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - correct answersLeak at site of anastomosis, anemia,
calcium deficiency, dumping syndrome, irreversible
Dumping syndrome - correct answersGastric contents empty too rabidly into the small intestine,
overwhelming its ability to digest nutrients. Symptoms include n/v, weakness, sweating,
faintness and sometimes diarrhea. Pt is instructed to avoid sugary foods after surgery
,Anastomosis leak - correct answerstachycardia, fever, tachypnea, chest and abdominal pain
Post operative care for bariatric surgery - correct answersassess for cardiopulmonary
complications, thrombus formation, anastomosis leaks and electrolyte imbalances, maintain the
head of the bed at a minimum of a 45 degree angle to reduce abdominal pressure and increase
lung expansion, pts should not consume fluids with meals
Metabolic syndrome definiton - correct answersis a group of metabolic risk factors that increase
a person's change of developing CVD, stroke, diabetes. It is a cluster of heath problems,
including obesity, HTN, abnormal lipid levels, and high blood glucose
The main underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome - correct answersInsulin resistance
related to excess visceral fat
Criteria for metabolic syndrome - correct answersNeed any 3 of the 5- waist circumference-
>40in in men and >35 in women, Triglycerides- >150 or on drug treatment for high triglycerides,
HDL cholesterol- <40 in men <50 in women or drug treatment for high cholesterol, BP- >130 sys
>85 diastolic or on drug treatment for HTN, fasting blood glucose >100 or on drug treatment for
elevated blood glucose
Signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome - correct answersImpaired fasting blood glucose,
HTN, abnormal cholesterol levels and obesity
counterregulatory hormones- increase blood glucose levels - correct answersglucagon,
epinephrine, GH, cortisol
C peptide in serum and urine - correct answersuseful clinical indicator of pancreatic b cell
function and insulin levels
Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes - correct answerspolyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight
loss may occur, weakness and fatigue
, signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes - correct answerspoor wound healing, recurrent
infections, dry skin, 3 Ps, drowsiness, hunger
Diagnosis of diabetes - correct answersA1C of 6.5 or higher, fasting plasma glucose level of 126
or greater, a 2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater during an OGTT using a glucose load
of 75g, in a pt with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight
loss) or hyperglycemic crisis, a random blood glucose level of 200 or more
A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) - correct answersprovides a measurement of blood glucose
levels over the previous 2 to 3 months
Diseases affecting RBCs (anemia) can influence the AIC
Goal A1C for pts with diabetes - correct answersless than 7.0
Fructosamine - correct answersIs another way to assess glucose levels,, reflects glycemia in the
previous 1 to 3 weeks
Islet cell antoantibody - correct answerstesting is primarily done to help distinguish between
autoimmune type 1 diabetes and diabetes from other causes
Rapid acting insulin (lispro, aspart) - correct answersOnset 10-30 min
Peak- 30 min- 3hr
Duration- 3 - 5 hour
Short acting (regular Humulin R, Novolin R) - correct answersOnset 30min- 1hr
Peak- 2-5hr
Duration- 5-8hr
ONLY INSULIN THAT CAN BE GIVEN IV!!
with correct naswers
0225/2026
Health risk associated with obesity - correct answersDepression, T2DM, metabolic syndrome,
polycystic ovary disease, sleep apnea, asthma, pulmonary HTN, menstrual irregularities,
infertility, gestational diabetes, huperlipidemia, sudden cardiac death, a fib, HTN, CAD, DVT,
right sided HF, NASH, gallstones, GERD, kidney cancer, CKD, esophagus, pancreas, thyroid,
colorectal and gallbladder cancer, breast and ovarian cancer
Nutritional therapy for obesity - correct answersRestricting dietary intake so that it is below
energy requirements- includes all food groups
Criteria guidelines for bariatric surgery - correct answersBMI of 40 or more or a BMI of 35 or
more with other significant co-morbidities (HTN, T2DM, HF, sleep apnea)
Disadvantages of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - correct answersLeak at site of anastomosis, anemia,
calcium deficiency, dumping syndrome, irreversible
Dumping syndrome - correct answersGastric contents empty too rabidly into the small intestine,
overwhelming its ability to digest nutrients. Symptoms include n/v, weakness, sweating,
faintness and sometimes diarrhea. Pt is instructed to avoid sugary foods after surgery
,Anastomosis leak - correct answerstachycardia, fever, tachypnea, chest and abdominal pain
Post operative care for bariatric surgery - correct answersassess for cardiopulmonary
complications, thrombus formation, anastomosis leaks and electrolyte imbalances, maintain the
head of the bed at a minimum of a 45 degree angle to reduce abdominal pressure and increase
lung expansion, pts should not consume fluids with meals
Metabolic syndrome definiton - correct answersis a group of metabolic risk factors that increase
a person's change of developing CVD, stroke, diabetes. It is a cluster of heath problems,
including obesity, HTN, abnormal lipid levels, and high blood glucose
The main underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome - correct answersInsulin resistance
related to excess visceral fat
Criteria for metabolic syndrome - correct answersNeed any 3 of the 5- waist circumference-
>40in in men and >35 in women, Triglycerides- >150 or on drug treatment for high triglycerides,
HDL cholesterol- <40 in men <50 in women or drug treatment for high cholesterol, BP- >130 sys
>85 diastolic or on drug treatment for HTN, fasting blood glucose >100 or on drug treatment for
elevated blood glucose
Signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome - correct answersImpaired fasting blood glucose,
HTN, abnormal cholesterol levels and obesity
counterregulatory hormones- increase blood glucose levels - correct answersglucagon,
epinephrine, GH, cortisol
C peptide in serum and urine - correct answersuseful clinical indicator of pancreatic b cell
function and insulin levels
Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes - correct answerspolyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight
loss may occur, weakness and fatigue
, signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes - correct answerspoor wound healing, recurrent
infections, dry skin, 3 Ps, drowsiness, hunger
Diagnosis of diabetes - correct answersA1C of 6.5 or higher, fasting plasma glucose level of 126
or greater, a 2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater during an OGTT using a glucose load
of 75g, in a pt with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight
loss) or hyperglycemic crisis, a random blood glucose level of 200 or more
A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) - correct answersprovides a measurement of blood glucose
levels over the previous 2 to 3 months
Diseases affecting RBCs (anemia) can influence the AIC
Goal A1C for pts with diabetes - correct answersless than 7.0
Fructosamine - correct answersIs another way to assess glucose levels,, reflects glycemia in the
previous 1 to 3 weeks
Islet cell antoantibody - correct answerstesting is primarily done to help distinguish between
autoimmune type 1 diabetes and diabetes from other causes
Rapid acting insulin (lispro, aspart) - correct answersOnset 10-30 min
Peak- 30 min- 3hr
Duration- 3 - 5 hour
Short acting (regular Humulin R, Novolin R) - correct answersOnset 30min- 1hr
Peak- 2-5hr
Duration- 5-8hr
ONLY INSULIN THAT CAN BE GIVEN IV!!
