Bio 1107 Exam 1 - Kline Question And Answers

Complementary RNA strand to this DNA strand. AGIs glucose polar? - ANS Yes, it has OH (hydroxyl) groups and is asymmetrical TC - ANS UCAG Estradiol is different form testosterone molecular structure because? - ANS It has an OH- (hydroxyl) group and is missing a methyl group Primary transport is (directly or indirectly) driven by ATP - ANS Directly Antiport and symport are part of what type of transport - ANS Secondary active transport -Uses membrane concentration gradient Does facilitated diffusion use ATP? - ANS No ATP -With concentration gradient Simple diffusion is? - ANS Transport through the membrane without a channel protein -With concentration gradient The pancreas secrets? - ANS Amylase Lipase Endopeptase Nuclease Bicarbonate ions Beta or alpha glycosidic linkages are stronger? - ANS Beta Beta glycosidic linkages bond two (different or same) monosaccharides - ANS Different monosaccharides. ex: Galactose (Glucose - Lactose) Increasing saturated fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer makes fluidity (increase or decrease) - ANS Decrease Saturated fatty acids are strait-shaped, making the phospholipid bilayer packed tightly together, increasing interactions between tails and decreasing fluidity Unsaturated fatty acids are bent-shaped, therefore decreasing interactions between tails and increasing fluidity Cholesterol (increases or decreases) membrane fluidity at low temperatures? - ANS Increases At high temperatures, it decreases fluidity and at low temperatures, it increases fluidity "Cholesterol stabilizes the phospholipid bilayer" What breaks down Starches? Fats? proteins? Nucleic acids? - ANS Starches: Amylase Fats: lipase proteins: proteases Nucleic acids: Nucleases HCl denatures (unfolds) proteins and proteases break them down (hydrolysis) into polypeptides and amino acids Gastrointestinal tissue layers. - ANS Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa Pyloric sphincter location - ANS Between stomach and duodenum (beginning of small intestine) Are vitamins essential? - ANS Not all -ex: Vitamin D and biotin can be made in the body Cholesterol (increases or decreases) membrane fluidity at high temperatures? - ANS Decreases Amylase is produced by? - ANS salvatory gland and pancreas Mucosa cell secretes? - ANS mucus Are minerals essential? - ANS Yes, all of them -Minerals are elements, the body can not create atoms ex: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium A stable phospholipid bilayer that is exposed to more heat would be expected to have more (saturated or unsaturated) lipids in order for it to remain stable. - ANS Saturated are Linoleic and linoenic fatty acids essential? - ANS Yes Hydroxyl groups are (non-polar or polar)? - ANS polar -What makes ethanol polar DNA directionality - ANS 5'-to-3' direction -DNA is synthesized in the 5'-to-3' direction, -Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand Phospholipid structure / what are they composed of? - ANS Phosphate group glycerol 2 fatty acids Secondary activity transport uses - ANS ion concentration to transport a molecule across membrane -How glucose enters cells