(2025/2026) NSG 3500 MATERNAL
HEALTH EXAM 1 NEWEST ACYUAL
EXAM STUDY GUIDE | A+ GRADE
Ovaries (Internal Structure) Correct Answer They produce
ova (female gametes or eggs) that are required for
reproduction and responsible for secretion of female sex
hormones. Both of these functions become activated at
the time of puberty. They are a pair of oval structures,
each measuring approximately 1.5 inches (4cm) long,
located on each side of the uterus below and behind the
fallopian tubes. The ovarian ligament extends from the
medial side of each ovary to the uterine wall, the broad
ligament is a fold of the peritoneum that provides a
covering for ovaries. These two ligaments help to keep the
ovaries in place. These are the female gonads'. This part
also secrete the female sex hormones estrogen and
progesterone. This important endocrine function helps to
regulate to regulate the menstrual.
Oogenesis Correct Answer The process of meiosis for egg
cell formation results in the formation of mature egg within
the ovary. This process occurs at regular (usually monthly)
intervals. This process begins in the ovaries and is
regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which
initiates the growth of ovarian follicles. Each follicle
contains an oogonium or egg-generating cells. FSH also
stimulates the follicle cells to secrete estrogen, which
,promotes maturation of the ovum. For each primary
oocyte that undergoes the process of meiosis, only one
functional egg cell is produced. The polar bodies
(remaining three cells) have no function and deteriorate. A
mature ovarian follicle also called a graafian follicle,
contains the secondary oocyte and the ovum nucleus
becomes the female pronucleus.
Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes- Oviducts) Internal
Structure Correct Answer Measuring approximately 4
inches (10 cm) in length, the lateral end of each fallopian
tube encloses an ovary, the medial ends open into the
uterus. These tubes are composed of four layers (External
layer and progressing inward to the internal layer, these
include peritoneal (serous), which is covered by the
peritoneum, the subserous (adventitial), the muscular, and
the mucous layers. (The blood and nerve supplies are
housed in the subserous layer. The muscular layer has an
inner circular and an outer longitudinal later of smooth
muscle. It provides peristalsis that assist in plantation. The
mucosal layer contains cilia (hairlike projections) that also
assist in directing the ovum toward the uterus.
Infundibulum (1st division of fallopian tubes) Correct
Answer Is the funnel shaped portion located at the distal
end of the fallopian tube. The ovum enters the fallopian
tube through a small opening (ostium) located at the
bottom of the infundibulum. Several fingerlike processes
(fimbriae) surround each ostium and extend toward the
ovary. The longest fimbria the fimbria ovarica, is attached
to the ovary.
,Ampulla (2nd division of the fallopian tubes) Correct
Answer Is 2/3 the length of the tube and is most often the
site of ovum fertilization.
Isthmus (3rd division of the fallopian tubes) Correct
Answer Is nearest to the uterus and is typically the sire for
tubal ligation (permanent sterilization)
Uterus Correct Answer It is shaped like a pear and has a
narrow end positioned closest to the vagina. The interior is
hollow and forms a path from the vagina to the fallopian
tubes. Because the uterine walls are very thick and
collapsed on each other, the interior cavity is in actuality a
potential space. The two major functions of the uterus are
to permit sperm to ascend toward the fallopian tubes and
to provide a nourishing environment for the zygote until
placental function beings. It provides a safe environment
that protects and nurtures the growing embryo/fetus until
the pregnancy has been completed. In the absence of
conception, the part sheds the outermost layers of the
inside of the endometrium (menstruation) to prepare for
another menstrual cycle by regeneration of the
endometrium. It has hypogastric arteries. It receives its
nerve supply via the afferent (sensory) and efferent
(motor) autonomic nervous systems. The pain nerve fibers
reach the spinal cord at levels T11 and T12.
Corpus (1st division of the uterus) Correct Answer Is the
upper 2/3 of the uterine body and contains the cornua
portion, where the fallopian tubes enter, and the fundus or
, uppermost section superior to the cornua. The layers of
this section include perimetrium (outer, incomplete layer of
the parietal peritoneum the serous membrane that lines
the abdominal wall). The myometrium (middle layer is
composed of layers of smooth muscle that extend in 3
directions-longitudinal, transverse, and oblique and are
continuous with the supportive ligaments of the uterus).
The endometrium (is the 3rd and innermost uterine layer it
composed of three layers and of these two are shed with
each menses).
Isthmus (2nd division of the uterus) Correct Answer Is a
slight constriction on the surface of the uterus midway
between the uterine body and the cervix or "neck". During
pregnancy it becomes incorporated into the lower uterine
segment and acts as a passive or noncontractile part of
the uterus during the labor process. It is the site for the
uterine incision when a low transverse cesarean section is
performed.
Cervix (3rd division of the uterus) Correct Answer Is the
lower, narrow end of the uterus. It is similar to a neck or
tube and extends from the inside of the uterus, opening
into the vagina. It secretes mucus which serve several
functions. 1) Lubricates the vaginal canal.
2)Forms a barrier to sperm penetration into the uterus
during nonfertile periods.
3) Provides an easy flowing pathway to facilitate sperm
passage into the uterus during fertile periods.
4)Provides an alkaline environment to facilitate the viability
of sperm that have been deposited in the acidic vagina.
HEALTH EXAM 1 NEWEST ACYUAL
EXAM STUDY GUIDE | A+ GRADE
Ovaries (Internal Structure) Correct Answer They produce
ova (female gametes or eggs) that are required for
reproduction and responsible for secretion of female sex
hormones. Both of these functions become activated at
the time of puberty. They are a pair of oval structures,
each measuring approximately 1.5 inches (4cm) long,
located on each side of the uterus below and behind the
fallopian tubes. The ovarian ligament extends from the
medial side of each ovary to the uterine wall, the broad
ligament is a fold of the peritoneum that provides a
covering for ovaries. These two ligaments help to keep the
ovaries in place. These are the female gonads'. This part
also secrete the female sex hormones estrogen and
progesterone. This important endocrine function helps to
regulate to regulate the menstrual.
Oogenesis Correct Answer The process of meiosis for egg
cell formation results in the formation of mature egg within
the ovary. This process occurs at regular (usually monthly)
intervals. This process begins in the ovaries and is
regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which
initiates the growth of ovarian follicles. Each follicle
contains an oogonium or egg-generating cells. FSH also
stimulates the follicle cells to secrete estrogen, which
,promotes maturation of the ovum. For each primary
oocyte that undergoes the process of meiosis, only one
functional egg cell is produced. The polar bodies
(remaining three cells) have no function and deteriorate. A
mature ovarian follicle also called a graafian follicle,
contains the secondary oocyte and the ovum nucleus
becomes the female pronucleus.
Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes- Oviducts) Internal
Structure Correct Answer Measuring approximately 4
inches (10 cm) in length, the lateral end of each fallopian
tube encloses an ovary, the medial ends open into the
uterus. These tubes are composed of four layers (External
layer and progressing inward to the internal layer, these
include peritoneal (serous), which is covered by the
peritoneum, the subserous (adventitial), the muscular, and
the mucous layers. (The blood and nerve supplies are
housed in the subserous layer. The muscular layer has an
inner circular and an outer longitudinal later of smooth
muscle. It provides peristalsis that assist in plantation. The
mucosal layer contains cilia (hairlike projections) that also
assist in directing the ovum toward the uterus.
Infundibulum (1st division of fallopian tubes) Correct
Answer Is the funnel shaped portion located at the distal
end of the fallopian tube. The ovum enters the fallopian
tube through a small opening (ostium) located at the
bottom of the infundibulum. Several fingerlike processes
(fimbriae) surround each ostium and extend toward the
ovary. The longest fimbria the fimbria ovarica, is attached
to the ovary.
,Ampulla (2nd division of the fallopian tubes) Correct
Answer Is 2/3 the length of the tube and is most often the
site of ovum fertilization.
Isthmus (3rd division of the fallopian tubes) Correct
Answer Is nearest to the uterus and is typically the sire for
tubal ligation (permanent sterilization)
Uterus Correct Answer It is shaped like a pear and has a
narrow end positioned closest to the vagina. The interior is
hollow and forms a path from the vagina to the fallopian
tubes. Because the uterine walls are very thick and
collapsed on each other, the interior cavity is in actuality a
potential space. The two major functions of the uterus are
to permit sperm to ascend toward the fallopian tubes and
to provide a nourishing environment for the zygote until
placental function beings. It provides a safe environment
that protects and nurtures the growing embryo/fetus until
the pregnancy has been completed. In the absence of
conception, the part sheds the outermost layers of the
inside of the endometrium (menstruation) to prepare for
another menstrual cycle by regeneration of the
endometrium. It has hypogastric arteries. It receives its
nerve supply via the afferent (sensory) and efferent
(motor) autonomic nervous systems. The pain nerve fibers
reach the spinal cord at levels T11 and T12.
Corpus (1st division of the uterus) Correct Answer Is the
upper 2/3 of the uterine body and contains the cornua
portion, where the fallopian tubes enter, and the fundus or
, uppermost section superior to the cornua. The layers of
this section include perimetrium (outer, incomplete layer of
the parietal peritoneum the serous membrane that lines
the abdominal wall). The myometrium (middle layer is
composed of layers of smooth muscle that extend in 3
directions-longitudinal, transverse, and oblique and are
continuous with the supportive ligaments of the uterus).
The endometrium (is the 3rd and innermost uterine layer it
composed of three layers and of these two are shed with
each menses).
Isthmus (2nd division of the uterus) Correct Answer Is a
slight constriction on the surface of the uterus midway
between the uterine body and the cervix or "neck". During
pregnancy it becomes incorporated into the lower uterine
segment and acts as a passive or noncontractile part of
the uterus during the labor process. It is the site for the
uterine incision when a low transverse cesarean section is
performed.
Cervix (3rd division of the uterus) Correct Answer Is the
lower, narrow end of the uterus. It is similar to a neck or
tube and extends from the inside of the uterus, opening
into the vagina. It secretes mucus which serve several
functions. 1) Lubricates the vaginal canal.
2)Forms a barrier to sperm penetration into the uterus
during nonfertile periods.
3) Provides an easy flowing pathway to facilitate sperm
passage into the uterus during fertile periods.
4)Provides an alkaline environment to facilitate the viability
of sperm that have been deposited in the acidic vagina.
