(2025/2026) CHEM 219 MODULE 8
PORTAGE LEARNING ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Polyamide (Nylon) Correct Answer formed by combining
1,6-diaminohexane (amine) with 1,6-hexandioic acid
(carboxylic acid)
amine functionality reacts with carboxylic acid functionality
to form an amide with a corresponding loss of a water
molecule
cellulose, polypetide chains, beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
Correct Answer naturally occurring step-growth/
condensation polymer examples
Lexan Correct Answer step-growth
polymer: polycarbonate
eye glasses, auto parts, drinking glasses
Kevlar Correct Answer step-growth
polymer: polyamide
body armor, tires, helmets
Dacron, Mylar Correct Answer step-growth
polymer: polyester
eletric/thermal insulation, helium balloons, artificial limbs
,1. free radical
2. cationic
3. anionic Correct Answer three main mechanisms for
addition/ chain-growth polymerization
begins by creating a reactive intermediate that starts the
chain reaction Correct Answer For all three main addition
mechanisms, how does polymerization begin?
free-radical addition polymerization Correct Answer a
monomer reacts with a free-radical initiator to create a
free-radical
free-radical Correct Answer an atom or a group of atoms
that has one unpaired electron
radical initiator Correct Answer a reagent that creates
radicals, has relatively weak covalent bonds which can be
homolyzed
1. electrically neutral
2. quite reactive and reacts quickly to pair up the lone
electron
3. formed from radical initiators Correct Answer 3 main
characteristics of free-radicals
Homolyzed Correct Answer broken so that each atom
joined by the bond gets one of the two electrons in the
bond
, benzoyl peroxide Correct Answer example of a radical
initiator (o-o bond = weak and can undergo homolysis
upon heat or UV exposure to produce 2 benzoyl radicals)
only a small amount of radical initiator is needed
compared to the concentration of monomers present
-some remains in final product but it does not affect the
product Correct Answer how much initiator is needed in
polymerization and does any remain at the end of the
reactions?
1. the monomer used
2. the molecular weight of the final polymer chain Correct
Answer two main things that control polymer properties
radical can attack + homolyze C=C of monomer to create
a reactive intermediate that starts polymerization Correct
Answer what happens after the radical initiator has formed
radicals?
adds to the LEAST substituted carbon of the C=C bond
because this carbon is easier to approach and less
hindered to produce a more stable radical intermediate
Correct Answer which substituent does the radical add to
in the monomer?
produces a new radical that can continue the
polymerization chain reaction:
Each attack of the radical with a new monomer unit
extends the chain by one unit Correct Answer What
PORTAGE LEARNING ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY NEWEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Polyamide (Nylon) Correct Answer formed by combining
1,6-diaminohexane (amine) with 1,6-hexandioic acid
(carboxylic acid)
amine functionality reacts with carboxylic acid functionality
to form an amide with a corresponding loss of a water
molecule
cellulose, polypetide chains, beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
Correct Answer naturally occurring step-growth/
condensation polymer examples
Lexan Correct Answer step-growth
polymer: polycarbonate
eye glasses, auto parts, drinking glasses
Kevlar Correct Answer step-growth
polymer: polyamide
body armor, tires, helmets
Dacron, Mylar Correct Answer step-growth
polymer: polyester
eletric/thermal insulation, helium balloons, artificial limbs
,1. free radical
2. cationic
3. anionic Correct Answer three main mechanisms for
addition/ chain-growth polymerization
begins by creating a reactive intermediate that starts the
chain reaction Correct Answer For all three main addition
mechanisms, how does polymerization begin?
free-radical addition polymerization Correct Answer a
monomer reacts with a free-radical initiator to create a
free-radical
free-radical Correct Answer an atom or a group of atoms
that has one unpaired electron
radical initiator Correct Answer a reagent that creates
radicals, has relatively weak covalent bonds which can be
homolyzed
1. electrically neutral
2. quite reactive and reacts quickly to pair up the lone
electron
3. formed from radical initiators Correct Answer 3 main
characteristics of free-radicals
Homolyzed Correct Answer broken so that each atom
joined by the bond gets one of the two electrons in the
bond
, benzoyl peroxide Correct Answer example of a radical
initiator (o-o bond = weak and can undergo homolysis
upon heat or UV exposure to produce 2 benzoyl radicals)
only a small amount of radical initiator is needed
compared to the concentration of monomers present
-some remains in final product but it does not affect the
product Correct Answer how much initiator is needed in
polymerization and does any remain at the end of the
reactions?
1. the monomer used
2. the molecular weight of the final polymer chain Correct
Answer two main things that control polymer properties
radical can attack + homolyze C=C of monomer to create
a reactive intermediate that starts polymerization Correct
Answer what happens after the radical initiator has formed
radicals?
adds to the LEAST substituted carbon of the C=C bond
because this carbon is easier to approach and less
hindered to produce a more stable radical intermediate
Correct Answer which substituent does the radical add to
in the monomer?
produces a new radical that can continue the
polymerization chain reaction:
Each attack of the radical with a new monomer unit
extends the chain by one unit Correct Answer What
