HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology, HESI A&P PRACTICE TEST 1, HESI A2
(Anatomy & Physiology) V1/V2
What is histology? - correct answer The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - correct answer A group of cells that act together to perform a specific
function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - correct answer Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - correct answer Cover, line, and protect the body and
the internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - correct answer Framework of the body. Provides
support and structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? - correct answer The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose
nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - correct answer Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? - correct answer Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? - correct answer The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the
ovaries and testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - correct answer Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - correct answer The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized
epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? - correct answer The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - correct answer Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
,Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - correct answer Radiation from the
Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - correct answer Fibrous connective tissue with nerve
endings, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - correct answer ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - correct answer Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - correct answer Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm
from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - correct answer They secrete sebum through the hair
follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - correct answer Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - correct answer Becoming clogged
and attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - correct answer Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - correct answer Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - correct answer Support, movement, blood cell
formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage.
*A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"*
How are bones classified? - correct answer By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? - correct answer Osteoblasts
What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix? - correct
answer They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes.
,How many bones make up the axial skeleton? - correct answer 28 bones of the skull. 14-facial,
14-cranium.
How many bones make the facial skeleton? - correct answer 2 nasal bones
2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
1 mandible
2 palatine bones
1 vomer
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal bones
What are the bones of the cranium? - correct answer single occipital
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
paired parietal
temporal
ossicles
What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? - correct answer malleus, incus, stapes
How many bones make the skeletal column? - correct answer 33 bones
How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? - correct answer 7
How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? - correct answer 12
How many lumbar vertebrae? - correct answer 5
How many sacral vertebrae? - correct answer 5
How many coccygeal vertebrae? - correct answer 1-the tailbone
What makes up the final part of the axial skeleton? - correct answer the thorax
the sternum
12 pairs of ribs.
, What makes up the appendicular skeleton? - correct answer the bones of the girdle and limbs
What bones make the upper appendicular skeleton? - correct answer pectoral & shoulder
girdle
clavicle
scapula
upper extremities
What bones make the lower part of the appendicular skeleton? - correct answer The pelvic
girdle or os coxae
What bones make the os coxae? - correct answer fused ilium
ischium
pubis
How do muscles make movement? - correct answer Contraction in response to nervous
stimulation.
What occurs in muscle fibers during contraction? - correct answer Myosin & actin filaments
slide together.
What structures make up muscle cells? - correct answer Myofibrils made up of sarcomeres.
What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? - correct answer Calcium and ATP
What does nervous stimulation from motor neurons cause in the muscles? - correct answer
Release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of calcium in muscle contraction? - correct answer Attach to inhibitory
proteins on the actin filaments of the muscle cell, moving them aside. This forms cross bridges
between actin and myosin filaments.
How do skeletal muscles work? - correct answer In pairs: the prime mover and the antagonist.
What is the function of the prime mover? - correct answer The muscle that executes a given
movement.
What is the function of the antagonist? - correct answer The muscles that executes the
opposite movement of the prime mover.
What are synergists? - correct answer Muscles that work together with the prime mover.
How are muscles classified? - correct answer According to the movements they elicit
What are the two classifications of muscles? - correct answer Flexors and extensors.
(Anatomy & Physiology) V1/V2
What is histology? - correct answer The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - correct answer A group of cells that act together to perform a specific
function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - correct answer Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - correct answer Cover, line, and protect the body and
the internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - correct answer Framework of the body. Provides
support and structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? - correct answer The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose
nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - correct answer Ability to contract and shorten.
What is muscle tissue classified as? - correct answer Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? - correct answer The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the
ovaries and testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - correct answer Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - correct answer The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized
epithelial cells.
What is the dermis? - correct answer The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - correct answer Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
,Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - correct answer Radiation from the
Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - correct answer Fibrous connective tissue with nerve
endings, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - correct answer ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - correct answer Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - correct answer Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm
from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - correct answer They secrete sebum through the hair
follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - correct answer Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - correct answer Becoming clogged
and attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - correct answer Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - correct answer Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - correct answer Support, movement, blood cell
formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage.
*A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"*
How are bones classified? - correct answer By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? - correct answer Osteoblasts
What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix? - correct
answer They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes.
,How many bones make up the axial skeleton? - correct answer 28 bones of the skull. 14-facial,
14-cranium.
How many bones make the facial skeleton? - correct answer 2 nasal bones
2 maxillary bones
2 zygomatic bones
1 mandible
2 palatine bones
1 vomer
2 lacrimal bones
2 inferior nasal bones
What are the bones of the cranium? - correct answer single occipital
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
paired parietal
temporal
ossicles
What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? - correct answer malleus, incus, stapes
How many bones make the skeletal column? - correct answer 33 bones
How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? - correct answer 7
How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? - correct answer 12
How many lumbar vertebrae? - correct answer 5
How many sacral vertebrae? - correct answer 5
How many coccygeal vertebrae? - correct answer 1-the tailbone
What makes up the final part of the axial skeleton? - correct answer the thorax
the sternum
12 pairs of ribs.
, What makes up the appendicular skeleton? - correct answer the bones of the girdle and limbs
What bones make the upper appendicular skeleton? - correct answer pectoral & shoulder
girdle
clavicle
scapula
upper extremities
What bones make the lower part of the appendicular skeleton? - correct answer The pelvic
girdle or os coxae
What bones make the os coxae? - correct answer fused ilium
ischium
pubis
How do muscles make movement? - correct answer Contraction in response to nervous
stimulation.
What occurs in muscle fibers during contraction? - correct answer Myosin & actin filaments
slide together.
What structures make up muscle cells? - correct answer Myofibrils made up of sarcomeres.
What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? - correct answer Calcium and ATP
What does nervous stimulation from motor neurons cause in the muscles? - correct answer
Release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of calcium in muscle contraction? - correct answer Attach to inhibitory
proteins on the actin filaments of the muscle cell, moving them aside. This forms cross bridges
between actin and myosin filaments.
How do skeletal muscles work? - correct answer In pairs: the prime mover and the antagonist.
What is the function of the prime mover? - correct answer The muscle that executes a given
movement.
What is the function of the antagonist? - correct answer The muscles that executes the
opposite movement of the prime mover.
What are synergists? - correct answer Muscles that work together with the prime mover.
How are muscles classified? - correct answer According to the movements they elicit
What are the two classifications of muscles? - correct answer Flexors and extensors.
