NRSG 91- FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. When did the history of nursing begin in Canada? - ANS Nursing history in Canada dates
back to the 1600s, with indigenous healing traditions and midwives playing important caregiver
roles in their communities.
2. Who is credited as the first person to provide nursing care in Canada? - ANS Marie Rollet
Hébert is credited as the first person to provide nursing care in what is now Canada in 1617.
3. What was the first hospital in Canada, and who established it? - ANS Jeanne Mance
established the first Canadian hospital in Montreal in 1642.
4. Who were the Grey Nuns, and what was their role in Canadian nursing history? - ANS The
Grey Nuns were the first community nursing order in Canada, visiting both settlers and
Indigenous Peoples.
5. What changes occurred in nursing and healthcare in the 1700s? - ANS The 1700s saw the
establishment of nursing orders, hospitals, and the provision of healthcare to different
populations.
6. When and where was the first diploma nursing school for LPNs established in Canada? -
ANS In 1874, the General and Marine Hospital in St. Catharines established the first diploma
nursing school for LPNs in Canada.
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, 7. Who introduced a proper nursing curriculum and a 3 - ANS year nursing program, and
when? - Mary Agnes Snively introduced a proper nursing curriculum and a 3-year nursing
program in 1887.
8. How did nursing education programs evolve over time? - ANS Nursing education programs
grew, with nursing students staffing hospitals and taking classes led by doctors until the 1950s.
Nursing assistant programs started in 1946 and evolved over time, leading to the creation of
the Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) title. Education requirements changed in 2005, with a
focus on baccalaureate degrees for Registered Nurses (RNs) and college diplomas for RPNs.
9. What are some of the current trends in Canadian healthcare? - ANS Trends in Canadian
healthcare include the growing number of infectious diseases, rising healthcare costs,
increasing disparities between economic classes, changing demographics, advances in
technology, the use of unregulated healthcare providers, evidence-based practice, and a shift
towards shorter hospital stays and a customer-service approach.
10. What is the history of the Canadian healthcare system? - ANS The Canadian healthcare
system has a history that dates back to 1867, with provincial governments responsible for
managing hospitals and charities. The federal government has jurisdiction over marine hospitals
and quarantine. Significant developments include the introduction of medicare and the
establishment of the Canadian Health Care Act in the 1960s and 1980s. There have been
challenges, such as the Tainted Blood Scandal and the impact of diseases like SARS.
11. What are values in the context of nursing? - ANS Values are strong personal beliefs that
influence behavior and are formed through upbringing, culture, and experiences.
12. What is the definition of ethics in healthcare? - ANS Ethics, also known as morality,
involves the study of good conduct, character, and motives. It determines what is good or
valuable for individuals and society.
13. What are the principles of bioethics? - ANS The principles of bioethics include autonomy,
beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
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, 14. What are the seven important values in nursing identified by the College of Nurses of
Ontario (CNO)? - ANS The values are client well-being, client choice, privacy and
confidentiality, respect for life and quality of life, maintaining commitments, truthfulness, and
fairness.
15. What is an ethical dilemma in nursing practice? - ANS Ethical dilemmas are common in
nursing practice and may involve decisions about life-prolonging treatment, initiation or
termination of life support or treatment, and medical assistance in dying (MAID).
16. What distinguishes a nursing profession from an occupation? - ANS Factors such as
expertise, extended education, a theoretical body of knowledge, individual accountability, and
the presence of values, beliefs, and ethics.
17.What are the professional standards established by the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)?
- ANS The standards include accountability, continuing competence, ethics, knowledge,
knowledge application, leadership, and relationships.
18.What legislation affects practicing nurses in Ontario? - ANS The legislation includes the
Regulated Health Professions Act, the Nursing Act, and federal and provincial laws.
19. What is the role of the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)? - ANS The CNO is a statutory
governing body that protects the public's interest in the nursing profession, establishing
requirements for entry to practice, promoting practice and professional standards, and
administering a Quality Assurance Program.
20. What are some legal liability issues in nursing practice? - ANS Issues involve torts, which
are civil wrongs against a property or person. This includes intentional torts like assault, battery,
invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment, and unintentional torts like negligence.
21. What does the term "visible minority" mean? - ANS "Visible minority" refers to
individuals who are non-white in race or color.
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AND ANSWERS
1. When did the history of nursing begin in Canada? - ANS Nursing history in Canada dates
back to the 1600s, with indigenous healing traditions and midwives playing important caregiver
roles in their communities.
2. Who is credited as the first person to provide nursing care in Canada? - ANS Marie Rollet
Hébert is credited as the first person to provide nursing care in what is now Canada in 1617.
3. What was the first hospital in Canada, and who established it? - ANS Jeanne Mance
established the first Canadian hospital in Montreal in 1642.
4. Who were the Grey Nuns, and what was their role in Canadian nursing history? - ANS The
Grey Nuns were the first community nursing order in Canada, visiting both settlers and
Indigenous Peoples.
5. What changes occurred in nursing and healthcare in the 1700s? - ANS The 1700s saw the
establishment of nursing orders, hospitals, and the provision of healthcare to different
populations.
6. When and where was the first diploma nursing school for LPNs established in Canada? -
ANS In 1874, the General and Marine Hospital in St. Catharines established the first diploma
nursing school for LPNs in Canada.
1 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
, 7. Who introduced a proper nursing curriculum and a 3 - ANS year nursing program, and
when? - Mary Agnes Snively introduced a proper nursing curriculum and a 3-year nursing
program in 1887.
8. How did nursing education programs evolve over time? - ANS Nursing education programs
grew, with nursing students staffing hospitals and taking classes led by doctors until the 1950s.
Nursing assistant programs started in 1946 and evolved over time, leading to the creation of
the Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) title. Education requirements changed in 2005, with a
focus on baccalaureate degrees for Registered Nurses (RNs) and college diplomas for RPNs.
9. What are some of the current trends in Canadian healthcare? - ANS Trends in Canadian
healthcare include the growing number of infectious diseases, rising healthcare costs,
increasing disparities between economic classes, changing demographics, advances in
technology, the use of unregulated healthcare providers, evidence-based practice, and a shift
towards shorter hospital stays and a customer-service approach.
10. What is the history of the Canadian healthcare system? - ANS The Canadian healthcare
system has a history that dates back to 1867, with provincial governments responsible for
managing hospitals and charities. The federal government has jurisdiction over marine hospitals
and quarantine. Significant developments include the introduction of medicare and the
establishment of the Canadian Health Care Act in the 1960s and 1980s. There have been
challenges, such as the Tainted Blood Scandal and the impact of diseases like SARS.
11. What are values in the context of nursing? - ANS Values are strong personal beliefs that
influence behavior and are formed through upbringing, culture, and experiences.
12. What is the definition of ethics in healthcare? - ANS Ethics, also known as morality,
involves the study of good conduct, character, and motives. It determines what is good or
valuable for individuals and society.
13. What are the principles of bioethics? - ANS The principles of bioethics include autonomy,
beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
2 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
, 14. What are the seven important values in nursing identified by the College of Nurses of
Ontario (CNO)? - ANS The values are client well-being, client choice, privacy and
confidentiality, respect for life and quality of life, maintaining commitments, truthfulness, and
fairness.
15. What is an ethical dilemma in nursing practice? - ANS Ethical dilemmas are common in
nursing practice and may involve decisions about life-prolonging treatment, initiation or
termination of life support or treatment, and medical assistance in dying (MAID).
16. What distinguishes a nursing profession from an occupation? - ANS Factors such as
expertise, extended education, a theoretical body of knowledge, individual accountability, and
the presence of values, beliefs, and ethics.
17.What are the professional standards established by the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)?
- ANS The standards include accountability, continuing competence, ethics, knowledge,
knowledge application, leadership, and relationships.
18.What legislation affects practicing nurses in Ontario? - ANS The legislation includes the
Regulated Health Professions Act, the Nursing Act, and federal and provincial laws.
19. What is the role of the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)? - ANS The CNO is a statutory
governing body that protects the public's interest in the nursing profession, establishing
requirements for entry to practice, promoting practice and professional standards, and
administering a Quality Assurance Program.
20. What are some legal liability issues in nursing practice? - ANS Issues involve torts, which
are civil wrongs against a property or person. This includes intentional torts like assault, battery,
invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment, and unintentional torts like negligence.
21. What does the term "visible minority" mean? - ANS "Visible minority" refers to
individuals who are non-white in race or color.
3 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
