ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS EXAM
2 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A fluid (hydraulic) control knee would be most appropriate for which of the following functional
K levels?
a. K1
b. K0
c. K3
d. K2 - ANS c. K3
which of the following causes would result in a patient with a transtibial prosthesis to exhibit
toe out throughout the stance phase of gait?
a. The prosthetic was donned improperly
b. The prosthesis is too short
c. The SACH heel cushion is too short
d. The socket is too tight - ANS a. The prosthetic was donned improperly
Which of the following is true regarding the Ischial Containment socket?
a. Weight-bearing is concentrated on the lateral aspect of the ischium
b. The mediolateral dimension is wider than the anteroposterior measurement
c. It tends to lead to more energy efficient ambulation at higher ambulation speeds
d. There is more discomfort in the groin area with the use os an Ischial Containment socket
compared to the Quadrilateral socket - ANS c. It tends to lead to more energy efficient
ambulation at higher ambulation speeds
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, All of the following are true statements regarding the shuttle lock system of suspension
EXCEPT:
a. It can be used for both transtibial and tranfemoral prostheses
b. It does not require and interface between the socket and the residual limb
c. It is easy to don for most individuals
d. It provides firm suspension with our pistoning - ANS b. It does not require an interface
between the socket and the residual limb
Which of the following definitions would describe a polycentric knee mechanism for a
transferal prosthesis?
a. A weight-activated stance control system that will lock the knee even in some flexion
b. A single-axis unit that provides limited swing phase control and no stance control
c. A hydraulic mechanism that provides both swing and stance phase control
d. A four-bar linkage system that provides for a moving knee axis of motion - ANS d. A four-
bar linkage system that provides for a moving knee axis of motion
Which of the following prosthetic causes would result in a patient with transtibial amputation
exhibiting a lateral heel whip of the prosthetic leg during early swing phase of gait?
a. A foot that is laterally placed compared to the socket
b. Excessive rotation of the knee joint axis
c. The prothesis is aligned in internal rotation
d. Improper alignment of the toe break of the prosthetic foot - ANS c. The prosthesis is
aligned in internal rotation
Which of the following is true regarding the Quadrilateral socket?
a. It tends to have good medial-lateral and rotation stability control
b. It is narrow mediolaterally and relatively wide anteroposteriorly
c. The posterior socket has a flat, horizontal shelf on which the ischial tuberosity and gluteal
muscles rest
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, d. Due to the shape of the socket, there is increased comfort with sitting while wearing this
socket style - ANS c. The posterior socket has a flat, horizontal shelf on which the ischial
tuberosity and gluteal muscles rest
Which of the following would be a cause of excessive knee flexion in early stance with an
individual ambulation with a transtibial prosthetic?
a. Foot is dorsiflexed
b. The prosthesis is too short
c. The heel cushion is too soft
d. Socket is too posterior relative to the foot - ANS a. Foot is dorsiflexed
The Ischial Containment socket was developed to do which of the following?
a. Eliminate the need for external suspension
b. Enhance sitting comfort
c. Reduce pressure on the ischial tuberosity
d. Improve medial/lateral stability in gait - ANS d. Improve medial/lateral stability in gait
All of the following are essential parts of the prosthetic training program EXCEPT:
a. Incorporating normal arm swing helps develop a smooth, efficient gait pattern
b. Starting training for an older person with a walker is an effective training tool for normal gait
c. the person must learn to balance on the prosthesis before actual walking
d. The residual limb must be inspected before and after prosthetic training - ANS b. Starting
training for an older person with a walker is an effective training tool for normal gait
Which of the following gait deviations is expected with a patient ambulating with a tranfemoral
prosthesis?
a. Longer step length on non-prothetic/unaffected side
b. Little to no stance phase knee flexion
c. Longer step length on prosthetic/affected side
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2 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A fluid (hydraulic) control knee would be most appropriate for which of the following functional
K levels?
a. K1
b. K0
c. K3
d. K2 - ANS c. K3
which of the following causes would result in a patient with a transtibial prosthesis to exhibit
toe out throughout the stance phase of gait?
a. The prosthetic was donned improperly
b. The prosthesis is too short
c. The SACH heel cushion is too short
d. The socket is too tight - ANS a. The prosthetic was donned improperly
Which of the following is true regarding the Ischial Containment socket?
a. Weight-bearing is concentrated on the lateral aspect of the ischium
b. The mediolateral dimension is wider than the anteroposterior measurement
c. It tends to lead to more energy efficient ambulation at higher ambulation speeds
d. There is more discomfort in the groin area with the use os an Ischial Containment socket
compared to the Quadrilateral socket - ANS c. It tends to lead to more energy efficient
ambulation at higher ambulation speeds
1 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
, All of the following are true statements regarding the shuttle lock system of suspension
EXCEPT:
a. It can be used for both transtibial and tranfemoral prostheses
b. It does not require and interface between the socket and the residual limb
c. It is easy to don for most individuals
d. It provides firm suspension with our pistoning - ANS b. It does not require an interface
between the socket and the residual limb
Which of the following definitions would describe a polycentric knee mechanism for a
transferal prosthesis?
a. A weight-activated stance control system that will lock the knee even in some flexion
b. A single-axis unit that provides limited swing phase control and no stance control
c. A hydraulic mechanism that provides both swing and stance phase control
d. A four-bar linkage system that provides for a moving knee axis of motion - ANS d. A four-
bar linkage system that provides for a moving knee axis of motion
Which of the following prosthetic causes would result in a patient with transtibial amputation
exhibiting a lateral heel whip of the prosthetic leg during early swing phase of gait?
a. A foot that is laterally placed compared to the socket
b. Excessive rotation of the knee joint axis
c. The prothesis is aligned in internal rotation
d. Improper alignment of the toe break of the prosthetic foot - ANS c. The prosthesis is
aligned in internal rotation
Which of the following is true regarding the Quadrilateral socket?
a. It tends to have good medial-lateral and rotation stability control
b. It is narrow mediolaterally and relatively wide anteroposteriorly
c. The posterior socket has a flat, horizontal shelf on which the ischial tuberosity and gluteal
muscles rest
2 Copyright ©BRIGHSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2025
, d. Due to the shape of the socket, there is increased comfort with sitting while wearing this
socket style - ANS c. The posterior socket has a flat, horizontal shelf on which the ischial
tuberosity and gluteal muscles rest
Which of the following would be a cause of excessive knee flexion in early stance with an
individual ambulation with a transtibial prosthetic?
a. Foot is dorsiflexed
b. The prosthesis is too short
c. The heel cushion is too soft
d. Socket is too posterior relative to the foot - ANS a. Foot is dorsiflexed
The Ischial Containment socket was developed to do which of the following?
a. Eliminate the need for external suspension
b. Enhance sitting comfort
c. Reduce pressure on the ischial tuberosity
d. Improve medial/lateral stability in gait - ANS d. Improve medial/lateral stability in gait
All of the following are essential parts of the prosthetic training program EXCEPT:
a. Incorporating normal arm swing helps develop a smooth, efficient gait pattern
b. Starting training for an older person with a walker is an effective training tool for normal gait
c. the person must learn to balance on the prosthesis before actual walking
d. The residual limb must be inspected before and after prosthetic training - ANS b. Starting
training for an older person with a walker is an effective training tool for normal gait
Which of the following gait deviations is expected with a patient ambulating with a tranfemoral
prosthesis?
a. Longer step length on non-prothetic/unaffected side
b. Little to no stance phase knee flexion
c. Longer step length on prosthetic/affected side
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