,TESTBANK for Introduction to Psychology , 12th
Edition James W. Kalat
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 or five pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
1. The word psychology was derived from the Greek words psyche and logos, which mean
a. think and know.
b. behavior and experience.
c. mind and body.
d. mind and word.
ANSWER: d
2. What is the objection to defining psychology as the scientific study of mind?
a. Psychology does not want to be a scientific field.
b. Mind is not observable.
c. Bigger research grants are available for studying the brain.
d. The mind is separate from the body.
ANSWER: b
3. Which of the following can you expect to gain from a course in introduction to psychology?
a. the ability to analyze dreams
b. the ability to decipher hidden aspects of people’s personality
c. knowledge about learning, memory, and attention
d. tricks for manipulating other people’s behavior
ANSWER: c
4. Why do so few statements apply to the behavior of all people, all the time?
a. The principle of determinism does not apply to humans.
b. Behavior depends on many influences.
c. The mind is separate from the body.
d. So far, nearly all psychological research has dealt with laboratory animals.
ANSWER: b
5. Decades ago, two laboratories consistently got different results in studies about human learning. What was responsible
for the difference?
a. differences in the chairs
b. differences in the climate
c. differences in the diet
d. differences in the age of participants
ANSWER: a
6. Why has psychological research advanced further for sensation and memory than for personality and emotion?
a. differences in availability of research participants
b. differences in psychologists’ interests
c. differences in accuracy of measurement
d. differences in availability of research grants
ANSWER: c
7. What is meant by “determinism” in contrast to “free will”?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. All behavioral differences depend at least partly on genetics.
b. People who try hard can accomplish whatever they want.
c. Every event has a cause.
d. Mind and brain are inseparable.
ANSWER: c
8. What does determinism imply for psychology?
a. We have free will to control our actions.
b. People who make the greatest efforts will have the greatest success.
c. All behavioral differences relate to genetics.
d. Behavior follows rules of cause and effect.
ANSWER: d
9. Someone who believes in “determinism” believes which of the following?
a. Genetic factors control everything we do.
b. Research can find explanations for behaviors.
c. People have free will to determine their actions.
d. Eventually, humans will evolve greater intelligence.
ANSWER: b
10. The belief that all behaviors have a cause implies which philosophical position?
a. authoritarianism
b. determinism
c. dualism
d. structuralism
ANSWER: b
11. Which of these views is regarded as the opposite of determinism?
a. free will
b. monism
c. dualism
d. functionalism
ANSWER: a
12. A belief in free will opposes which of the following assertions?
a. Introspection is a valid method of understanding thought.
b. Heredity and environment are equally important.
c. Scientific research can explain human behavior.
d. Children advance through several stages of cognitive development.
ANSWER: c
13. Someone who supports the idea of determinism believes which of the following?
a. Highly motivated people achieve their goals.
b. Genetic factors control how we behave.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
c. Scientific research can find explanations of behavior.
d. Mind and body are separate, but they interact.
ANSWER: c
14. Those who accept determinism and those who believe in free will disagree about what?
a. Should children be taught to obey or to become independent?
b. Are mind and body inseparable or independent of each other?
c. Does behavior follow rules of cause and effect?
d. Which controls more of behavioral differences, heredity or environment?
ANSWER: c
15. To evaluate the assumptions of determinism, what would someone test?
a. the predictability of behavior
b. the importance of genetic differences
c. the differences among cultures
d. the effectiveness of motivational speakers
ANSWER: a
16. If someone discovered that certain behaviors are totally unpredictable, that finding would contradict which view?
a. determinism
b. free will
c. monism
d. dualism
ANSWER: a
17. How do advocates of determinism explain why we cannot completely predict people’s behavior?
a. Researchers have not yet identified all the genes on human chromosomes.
b. It is impractical to measure all the influences on behavior.
c. People have free will.
d. The mind is independent of the body.
ANSWER: b
18. How does determinism apply to human behavior, if at all?
a. Your behavior is like a ball bouncing down a hill.
b. You act as you do because of your heredity and environment.
c. You act as you do because of your heredity alone.
d. Determinism applies to inanimate objects, not to people.
ANSWER: b
19. What is meant by the mind–brain problem?
a. Which is more important, the mind or the brain?
b. How does experience relate to brain activity?
c. Where is the mind during an out of body experience?
d. Do genes control development of the brain or the mind?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
ANSWER: b
20. What do psychologists and philosophers mean by the “mind–body” problem?
a. How does brain activity relate to mental activity?
b. What happens during an out of body experience?
c. What happens to the mind after the body dies?
d. Do you mind what I do with your body?
ANSWER: a
21. What is meant by “dualism”?
a. the belief that two can live as cheaply as one
b. the belief that plant life and animal life evolved from separate ancestors
c. the belief that heredity and environment are equally important
d. the belief that mind is separate from the brain
ANSWER: d
22. What is meant by “monism”?
a. the belief that heredity controls all aspects of behavior
b. the belief that behavior follows cause and effect rules
c. the belief that all animals evolved from a single ancestor
d. the belief that mental activity is the same as brain activity
ANSWER: d
23. Dualism conflicts with which of the following?
a. the idea of free will
b. the theory of evolution by natural selection
c. the principle of supply and demand
d. the law of conservation of matter and energy
ANSWER: d
24. Monism and dualism are conflicting views with regard to which issue?
a. the mind-brain problem
b. free will vs. determinism
c. the nature-nurture debate
d. the evolution of species
ANSWER: a
25. According to monism, what is the relationship between thoughts and brain activity?
a. Thoughts cause brain activity.
b. Brain activity causes thoughts.
c. Thoughts and brain activity are the same thing.
d. Thoughts and brain activity are unrelated.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
26. Which of the following is an example of evidence to support monism?
a. All mammalian species have some of the same genes.
b. Every task activates some part of the brain.
c. Certain types of behavior vary from one culture to another.
d. Children begin to understand speech before they produce it themselves.
ANSWER: b
27. Studies of the contributions of heredity and environment relate to which question?
a. the mind-brain problem
b. the nature-nurture issue
c. free will and determinism
d. stucturalism and functionalism
ANSWER: b
28. Which of the following relates MOST closely to studying the nature-nurture issue?
a. analyzing the relationship between people’s dreams and their motivations
b. watching how people behave differently after sleep deprivation
c. examining cellular structures in different parts of the brain
d. comparing the genes of people who behave differently
ANSWER: d
29. A study of similarities and differences in the behaviors of twins is MOST related to which of these?
a. the difference between structuralism and functionalism
b. the mind-brain problem
c. the question of free will and determinism
d. the nature-nurture issue
ANSWER: d
30. Which of these questions is MOST closely related to the nature–nurture issue?
a. In what ways, if any, do motivations differ from emotions?
b. Do alcohol and other substances cause permanent harm to the brain?
c. Do people have free will that makes their behavior beyond the reach of science?
d. Do children resemble their parents because of experiences or genes?
ANSWER: d
31. Which type of therapist is MOST likely to have a PhD degree?
a. psychiatrist
b. psychoanalyst
c. clinical psychologist
d. social worker
ANSWER: c
32. A clinical psychologist has which educational degree(s)?
a. associate degree only
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
b. bachelor’s degree only
c. at least a master’s degree
d. both phd and md
ANSWER: c
33. A psychiatrist has which educational degree(s)?
a. associate degree only
b. bachelor’s degree only
c. phd or psyd
d. md
ANSWER: d
34. Which of these professions requires an MD (medical doctor) degree?
a. psychiatrist
b. clinical psychologist
c. social worker
d. forensic psychologist
ANSWER: a
35. What is a difference between psychiatrists and most clinical psychologists?
a. Psychiatrists can prescribe drugs, and most clinical psychologists cannot.
b. Psychiatrists conduct research, and clinical psychologists do not.
c. Psychiatrists deal with emotional problems, and most clinical psychologists do not.
d. Psychiatrists teach in universities, and clinical psychologists do not.
ANSWER: a
36. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists differ MOST clearly in which way?
a. their interest in helping disturbed people
b. their age
c. their theories of personality
d. their education
ANSWER: d
37. People with the most severe psychological disorders usually get treatment from which specialist?
a. a psychiatrist
b. a clinical psychologist
c. a counseling psychologist
d. a phrenologist
ANSWER: a
38. How does a psychoanalyst differ from other therapists?
a. greater attention to neuroscience
b. greater emphasis on seeking rapid changes in behavior
c. greater use of laboratory research
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
d. greater adherence to the ideas of sigmund freud
ANSWER: d
39. Can clinical psychologists prescribe drugs in the United States?
a. Yes, all of them can.
b. No, none of them can.
c. Only some can, but in all states.
d. Only some can, and only in certain states.
ANSWER: d
40. In what way might a visit to a clinical psychologist be better than to a psychiatrist?
a. A clinical psychologist has more extensive education and experience.
b. A clinical psychologist is better prepared to prescribe antidepressants or other drugs.
c. A clinical psychologist is more likely to listen extensively to the client’s troubles.
d. A clinical psychologist follows different theories of personality.
ANSWER: c
41. Typically, what education does a clinical social worker have?
a. a bachelor’s degree only
b. a master’s degree
c. PsyD.
d. PhD
ANSWER: b
42. Which of the following is LEAST likely to deal with people who have serious emotional problems?
a. a psychiatrist
b. a psychoanalyst
c. a counseling psychologist
d. a clinical psychologist
ANSWER: c
43. What does a counseling psychologist do?
a. A counseling psychologist conducts, evaluates, and publishes laboratory research.
b. A counseling psychologist deals with the people with the most severe disorders.
c. A counseling psychologist checks how well patients adjust to their medications.
d. A counseling psychologist helps people with decisions and career adjustments.
ANSWER: d
44. A forensic psychologist consults with what type of person?
a. labor leaders
b. engineers
c. lawyers
d. clergy
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
45. Which specialist provides advice to lawyers and judges?
a. a forensic psychologist
b. a human factors psychologist
c. a counseling psychologist
d. a structuralist
ANSWER: a
46. Which of these does an industrial/organizational psychologist MOST often do?
a. advises students about how to prepare a job application
b. helps companies hire the right employees
c. provides counseling to workers with emotional problems
d. helps engineers revise their machinery to be easier to understand
ANSWER: b
47. Which type of psychologist helps a company choose employees and train them for a job?
a. psychoanalyst
b. industrial/organizational psychologist
c. human factors specialist
d. biopsychologist
ANSWER: b
48. What kind of psychologist helps increase workers’ productivity and satisfaction?
a. comparative psychologist
b. structuralist
c. industrial/organizational psychologist
d. human factors specialist
ANSWER: c
49. Which of these does an industrial/organizational psychologist do?
a. helps companies design attractive buildings
b. helps engineers design equipment that is easy to understand
c. psychoanalyzes workers who seem to be in distress
d. helps a company hire and train its workers
ANSWER: d
50. What is the main activity for specialists in human factors (ergonomics)?
a. helping companies hire and train their workers
b. designing machines to help people use them easily
c. facilitating communication between people from different cultures
d. theory and research related to how evolution affects behavior
ANSWER: b
51. A human factors specialist would MOST likely work in cooperation with what field?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Edition James W. Kalat
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 or five pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
1. The word psychology was derived from the Greek words psyche and logos, which mean
a. think and know.
b. behavior and experience.
c. mind and body.
d. mind and word.
ANSWER: d
2. What is the objection to defining psychology as the scientific study of mind?
a. Psychology does not want to be a scientific field.
b. Mind is not observable.
c. Bigger research grants are available for studying the brain.
d. The mind is separate from the body.
ANSWER: b
3. Which of the following can you expect to gain from a course in introduction to psychology?
a. the ability to analyze dreams
b. the ability to decipher hidden aspects of people’s personality
c. knowledge about learning, memory, and attention
d. tricks for manipulating other people’s behavior
ANSWER: c
4. Why do so few statements apply to the behavior of all people, all the time?
a. The principle of determinism does not apply to humans.
b. Behavior depends on many influences.
c. The mind is separate from the body.
d. So far, nearly all psychological research has dealt with laboratory animals.
ANSWER: b
5. Decades ago, two laboratories consistently got different results in studies about human learning. What was responsible
for the difference?
a. differences in the chairs
b. differences in the climate
c. differences in the diet
d. differences in the age of participants
ANSWER: a
6. Why has psychological research advanced further for sensation and memory than for personality and emotion?
a. differences in availability of research participants
b. differences in psychologists’ interests
c. differences in accuracy of measurement
d. differences in availability of research grants
ANSWER: c
7. What is meant by “determinism” in contrast to “free will”?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
a. All behavioral differences depend at least partly on genetics.
b. People who try hard can accomplish whatever they want.
c. Every event has a cause.
d. Mind and brain are inseparable.
ANSWER: c
8. What does determinism imply for psychology?
a. We have free will to control our actions.
b. People who make the greatest efforts will have the greatest success.
c. All behavioral differences relate to genetics.
d. Behavior follows rules of cause and effect.
ANSWER: d
9. Someone who believes in “determinism” believes which of the following?
a. Genetic factors control everything we do.
b. Research can find explanations for behaviors.
c. People have free will to determine their actions.
d. Eventually, humans will evolve greater intelligence.
ANSWER: b
10. The belief that all behaviors have a cause implies which philosophical position?
a. authoritarianism
b. determinism
c. dualism
d. structuralism
ANSWER: b
11. Which of these views is regarded as the opposite of determinism?
a. free will
b. monism
c. dualism
d. functionalism
ANSWER: a
12. A belief in free will opposes which of the following assertions?
a. Introspection is a valid method of understanding thought.
b. Heredity and environment are equally important.
c. Scientific research can explain human behavior.
d. Children advance through several stages of cognitive development.
ANSWER: c
13. Someone who supports the idea of determinism believes which of the following?
a. Highly motivated people achieve their goals.
b. Genetic factors control how we behave.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
c. Scientific research can find explanations of behavior.
d. Mind and body are separate, but they interact.
ANSWER: c
14. Those who accept determinism and those who believe in free will disagree about what?
a. Should children be taught to obey or to become independent?
b. Are mind and body inseparable or independent of each other?
c. Does behavior follow rules of cause and effect?
d. Which controls more of behavioral differences, heredity or environment?
ANSWER: c
15. To evaluate the assumptions of determinism, what would someone test?
a. the predictability of behavior
b. the importance of genetic differences
c. the differences among cultures
d. the effectiveness of motivational speakers
ANSWER: a
16. If someone discovered that certain behaviors are totally unpredictable, that finding would contradict which view?
a. determinism
b. free will
c. monism
d. dualism
ANSWER: a
17. How do advocates of determinism explain why we cannot completely predict people’s behavior?
a. Researchers have not yet identified all the genes on human chromosomes.
b. It is impractical to measure all the influences on behavior.
c. People have free will.
d. The mind is independent of the body.
ANSWER: b
18. How does determinism apply to human behavior, if at all?
a. Your behavior is like a ball bouncing down a hill.
b. You act as you do because of your heredity and environment.
c. You act as you do because of your heredity alone.
d. Determinism applies to inanimate objects, not to people.
ANSWER: b
19. What is meant by the mind–brain problem?
a. Which is more important, the mind or the brain?
b. How does experience relate to brain activity?
c. Where is the mind during an out of body experience?
d. Do genes control development of the brain or the mind?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
ANSWER: b
20. What do psychologists and philosophers mean by the “mind–body” problem?
a. How does brain activity relate to mental activity?
b. What happens during an out of body experience?
c. What happens to the mind after the body dies?
d. Do you mind what I do with your body?
ANSWER: a
21. What is meant by “dualism”?
a. the belief that two can live as cheaply as one
b. the belief that plant life and animal life evolved from separate ancestors
c. the belief that heredity and environment are equally important
d. the belief that mind is separate from the brain
ANSWER: d
22. What is meant by “monism”?
a. the belief that heredity controls all aspects of behavior
b. the belief that behavior follows cause and effect rules
c. the belief that all animals evolved from a single ancestor
d. the belief that mental activity is the same as brain activity
ANSWER: d
23. Dualism conflicts with which of the following?
a. the idea of free will
b. the theory of evolution by natural selection
c. the principle of supply and demand
d. the law of conservation of matter and energy
ANSWER: d
24. Monism and dualism are conflicting views with regard to which issue?
a. the mind-brain problem
b. free will vs. determinism
c. the nature-nurture debate
d. the evolution of species
ANSWER: a
25. According to monism, what is the relationship between thoughts and brain activity?
a. Thoughts cause brain activity.
b. Brain activity causes thoughts.
c. Thoughts and brain activity are the same thing.
d. Thoughts and brain activity are unrelated.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
26. Which of the following is an example of evidence to support monism?
a. All mammalian species have some of the same genes.
b. Every task activates some part of the brain.
c. Certain types of behavior vary from one culture to another.
d. Children begin to understand speech before they produce it themselves.
ANSWER: b
27. Studies of the contributions of heredity and environment relate to which question?
a. the mind-brain problem
b. the nature-nurture issue
c. free will and determinism
d. stucturalism and functionalism
ANSWER: b
28. Which of the following relates MOST closely to studying the nature-nurture issue?
a. analyzing the relationship between people’s dreams and their motivations
b. watching how people behave differently after sleep deprivation
c. examining cellular structures in different parts of the brain
d. comparing the genes of people who behave differently
ANSWER: d
29. A study of similarities and differences in the behaviors of twins is MOST related to which of these?
a. the difference between structuralism and functionalism
b. the mind-brain problem
c. the question of free will and determinism
d. the nature-nurture issue
ANSWER: d
30. Which of these questions is MOST closely related to the nature–nurture issue?
a. In what ways, if any, do motivations differ from emotions?
b. Do alcohol and other substances cause permanent harm to the brain?
c. Do people have free will that makes their behavior beyond the reach of science?
d. Do children resemble their parents because of experiences or genes?
ANSWER: d
31. Which type of therapist is MOST likely to have a PhD degree?
a. psychiatrist
b. psychoanalyst
c. clinical psychologist
d. social worker
ANSWER: c
32. A clinical psychologist has which educational degree(s)?
a. associate degree only
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
b. bachelor’s degree only
c. at least a master’s degree
d. both phd and md
ANSWER: c
33. A psychiatrist has which educational degree(s)?
a. associate degree only
b. bachelor’s degree only
c. phd or psyd
d. md
ANSWER: d
34. Which of these professions requires an MD (medical doctor) degree?
a. psychiatrist
b. clinical psychologist
c. social worker
d. forensic psychologist
ANSWER: a
35. What is a difference between psychiatrists and most clinical psychologists?
a. Psychiatrists can prescribe drugs, and most clinical psychologists cannot.
b. Psychiatrists conduct research, and clinical psychologists do not.
c. Psychiatrists deal with emotional problems, and most clinical psychologists do not.
d. Psychiatrists teach in universities, and clinical psychologists do not.
ANSWER: a
36. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists differ MOST clearly in which way?
a. their interest in helping disturbed people
b. their age
c. their theories of personality
d. their education
ANSWER: d
37. People with the most severe psychological disorders usually get treatment from which specialist?
a. a psychiatrist
b. a clinical psychologist
c. a counseling psychologist
d. a phrenologist
ANSWER: a
38. How does a psychoanalyst differ from other therapists?
a. greater attention to neuroscience
b. greater emphasis on seeking rapid changes in behavior
c. greater use of laboratory research
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
d. greater adherence to the ideas of sigmund freud
ANSWER: d
39. Can clinical psychologists prescribe drugs in the United States?
a. Yes, all of them can.
b. No, none of them can.
c. Only some can, but in all states.
d. Only some can, and only in certain states.
ANSWER: d
40. In what way might a visit to a clinical psychologist be better than to a psychiatrist?
a. A clinical psychologist has more extensive education and experience.
b. A clinical psychologist is better prepared to prescribe antidepressants or other drugs.
c. A clinical psychologist is more likely to listen extensively to the client’s troubles.
d. A clinical psychologist follows different theories of personality.
ANSWER: c
41. Typically, what education does a clinical social worker have?
a. a bachelor’s degree only
b. a master’s degree
c. PsyD.
d. PhD
ANSWER: b
42. Which of the following is LEAST likely to deal with people who have serious emotional problems?
a. a psychiatrist
b. a psychoanalyst
c. a counseling psychologist
d. a clinical psychologist
ANSWER: c
43. What does a counseling psychologist do?
a. A counseling psychologist conducts, evaluates, and publishes laboratory research.
b. A counseling psychologist deals with the people with the most severe disorders.
c. A counseling psychologist checks how well patients adjust to their medications.
d. A counseling psychologist helps people with decisions and career adjustments.
ANSWER: d
44. A forensic psychologist consults with what type of person?
a. labor leaders
b. engineers
c. lawyers
d. clergy
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: What Is Psychology?
45. Which specialist provides advice to lawyers and judges?
a. a forensic psychologist
b. a human factors psychologist
c. a counseling psychologist
d. a structuralist
ANSWER: a
46. Which of these does an industrial/organizational psychologist MOST often do?
a. advises students about how to prepare a job application
b. helps companies hire the right employees
c. provides counseling to workers with emotional problems
d. helps engineers revise their machinery to be easier to understand
ANSWER: b
47. Which type of psychologist helps a company choose employees and train them for a job?
a. psychoanalyst
b. industrial/organizational psychologist
c. human factors specialist
d. biopsychologist
ANSWER: b
48. What kind of psychologist helps increase workers’ productivity and satisfaction?
a. comparative psychologist
b. structuralist
c. industrial/organizational psychologist
d. human factors specialist
ANSWER: c
49. Which of these does an industrial/organizational psychologist do?
a. helps companies design attractive buildings
b. helps engineers design equipment that is easy to understand
c. psychoanalyzes workers who seem to be in distress
d. helps a company hire and train its workers
ANSWER: d
50. What is the main activity for specialists in human factors (ergonomics)?
a. helping companies hire and train their workers
b. designing machines to help people use them easily
c. facilitating communication between people from different cultures
d. theory and research related to how evolution affects behavior
ANSWER: b
51. A human factors specialist would MOST likely work in cooperation with what field?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
