, TESTBANK for Introduction to Psychology
Gateways to Mind and Behavior , 16th Edition
Dennis Coon
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 or five pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
1. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they were true is
called
a. uncritical acceptance.
b. confirmation bias.
c. critical acceptance.
d. awareness bias.
ANSWER: a
2. What is confirmation bias?
a. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true, or because it would be nice if they
were true.
b. The tendency to remember information that fits one’s expectations while ignoring
discrepancies.
c. Unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
d. Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
ANSWER: b
3. What is a superstition?
a. The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations.
b. An unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
c. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they
were true.
d. Someone with a dominant personality that can strongly influence other people.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is an unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence?
a. superstition
b. introspection
c. confirmation bias
d. uncritical acceptance
ANSWER: a
5. Personal observation of one's own thoughts, feelings, or behavior is called
a. introspection.
b. cognitive unconscious.
c. imageless thought.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: a
6. The study of sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements is called
a. structuralism.
b. Gestalt psychology.
c. scientific observation.
d. functionalism.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
ANSWER: a
7. Which of the following fields analyzes sensations and personal experience as basic elements?
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. behaviorism
d. biopsychosocial
ANSWER: a
8. Which of the following describes a field of study that only focuses on whole units of thinking, learning,
and perception?
a. Gestalt psychology
b. structural psychology
c. evolutionary psychology
d. phrenology
ANSWER: a
9. Which of the following statements relates to the term Gestalt psychology?
a. study of dreams and their meaning
b. study of thinking and perception in whole units
c. study of one's attachment to significant others
d. study of cognitive dissonance
ANSWER: b
10. What is functionalism?
a. School of psychology that considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations.
b. Study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units only, not parts.
c. School of psychology that studies individual sensations and personal experiences.
d. School of psychology that emphasizes study of observable actions over study of the mind.
ANSWER: a
11. Which school of psychology considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations?
a. Gestalt psychology
b. behaviorism
c. functionalism
d. structuralism
ANSWER: c
12. Evolutionary psychologists would focus on which of the following?
a. genetically influenced behavior that is inherited and adaptive
b. sensations and personal experiences analyzed as parts of the whole units
c. bodily events and their effects on feelings and thoughts
d. psychological features of people working in groups
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
ANSWER: a
13. Which of these refers to the inability to become subjectively aware of some mental processes?
a. imageless thought
b. natural selection
c. functionalism
d. structuralism
ANSWER: a
14. Which of the following refers to the part of the mind in which we are subjectively unaware and not
open to introspection?
a. cognitive unconscious
b. preconscious mind
c. cognitive conscious
d. subconscious mind
ANSWER: a
15. How is behaviorism defined?
a. A school of thought in psychology that considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations.
b. The view that any muscular action, glandular activity, or other identifiable aspect of behavior
must be considered.
c. The school of thought in psychology that emphasizes study of observable actions over study
of the mind.
d. Darwin’s theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living
conditions.
ANSWER: c
16. In Freudian theory, the parts of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially conflicts, impulses,
and desires not directly known to a person, are referred to as
a. dynamic unconscious.
b. dynamic conscious.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. random behavior.
ANSWER: a
17. The Freudian approach to psychotherapy, emphasizing the exploration of unconscious using free
association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts is called
a. psychoanalysis.
b. Freudian theory.
c. psychodynamic theory.
d. Neo-Freudianism.
ANSWER: a
18. Which of the following refers to the idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely
explain one’s choices and actions if all such causes were known?
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. determinism
b. psychological evolution
c. psychoanalysis
d. humanistic psychology
ANSWER: a
19. Which is the study of people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve?
a. humanistic psychology
b. biopsychology
c. Freudian psychology
d. psychodynamic theory
ANSWER: a
20. Which of the following refers to the process of fully developing personal potentials?
a. self-actualization
b. self-realization
c. neuroticism
d. narcissism
ANSWER: a
21. Biopsychology is the study of
a. the brain, nervous system, and other physical origins of behavior.
b. human thinking and information processing abilities.
c. community-wide mental health through research, prevention, education, and consultation.
d. internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious motives.
ANSWER: a
22. Which pseudoscience refers to the bumps on one's head relating to personality traits and abilities?
a. phrenology
b. extrasensory perception
c. psychoanalysis
d. subliminal persuasion
ANSWER: a
23. An interdisciplinary approach acknowledging that biological, psychological, and social factors
interact to influence human behavior and mental processes is called
a. biopsychosocial model.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. positive psychology.
d. cultural relativity.
ANSWER: a
24. Which of the following attempts to explain behavior in terms of brain processes, genetics, and
adaptive aspects?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. biological perspective
b. psychodynamic perspective
c. humanistic perspective
d. cognitive perspective
ANSWER: a
25. What is the first step of the scientific method?
a. Examine information from previously published studies.
b. Propose a hypothesis.
c. Build a theory.
d. Define the problem.
ANSWER: a
26. In the context of the scientific method, a theory is a(n)
a. prediction of the relationship between the variables
b. deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief might be false.
c. process to determine whether results are accurate.
d. organized systems of assumptions and principles to explain a specific set of interrelationships.
ANSWER: d
27. Biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous system, such as biologists and
biochemists, comprise the broader field of
a. neuroscience.
b. evolution.
c. pseudoscience.
d. psychoanalysis.
ANSWER: a
28. What is the broader field within the biological perspective that specializes in the study of the brain
and nervous system?
a. psychoanalysis
b. neuroscience
c. evolution
d. phrenology
ANSWER: b
29. Which of the following is a basic principle of critical thinking?
a. Religious beliefs and personal values should be evaluated by applying the rules of logic,
evidence, and the scientific method.
b. If an authority is sincere or convincing, you can safely believe his/her ideas to be true.
c. Judging the quality of the evidence is crucial.
d. Critical thinking requires open-mindedness to the point of being gullible.
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
30. Which of the following points toward the traditional view that behavior is shaped by mental processes
at the individual level?
a. the nature–nurture issue
b. the psychological perspective
c. the issue of determinism versus free will
d. the issue of how we should classify types of mental disorder
ANSWER: b
31. Which of the following is a definition of a psychiatrist?
a. A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems related to their
marriage, career, work, and/or school.
b. A medical professional with additional training in psychoanalysis.
c. A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and
emotional disorders.
d. A psychologist who specializes in the research and treatment of psychological and behavior
disturbances.
ANSWER: c
32. Which of the following is an advantage of the survey method of conducting research?
a. It allows information about large numbers of people to be gathered.
b. It allows investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
c. It allows prediction and can be used in a lab, clinic, or natural setting.
d. It allows the formulation of hypotheses and questions for additional research.
ANSWER: a
33. Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?
a. Obtaining a representative sample is critical and can be difficult to do.
b. It does not provide a control group for comparison.
c. Cause-and-effect relationships cannot be confirmed.
d. Observed behavior may be altered by the presence of the observer.
ANSWER: c
34. Which of the following is an advantage of the experimental method of conducting research?
a. It can address questions not answered by other research approaches.
b. It allows investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
c. It demonstrates the existence of relationships and allows prediction.
d. It allows powerful controlled observations to be staged.
ANSWER: d
35. Which of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation as a method of conducting
research?
a. Some natural behavior is not easily studied in the laboratory.
b. Observations may be biased, and causes cannot be conclusively identified.
c. Relationships may be coincidental, and cause-and-effect relationships cannot be confirmed.
d. Subjective interpretation is often necessary, and a single case may be misleading or
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
unrepresentative.
ANSWER: b
36. Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?
a. They allow for the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
b. They allow information about large numbers of people to be gathered quickly.
c. The information gained from case studies can be easily generalized to other individuals.
d. Case studies are less susceptible to researcher bias.
ANSWER: a
37. Information literacy refers to
a. a skill that involves thinking critically about the data that we are exposed to every day.
b. information that comes from participants’ physiological processes (including measures of the
brain and heart, muscles, and the production of hormones).
c. data that is provided by participants about their own thoughts, emotions, or behaviors,
typically on a questionnaire or during an interview.
d. a skill that comes from watching participants and recording their behavior.
ANSWER: a
38. Which of the following refer(s) to the rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members
of a group?
a. social norms
b. cultural relativity
c. gender bias
d. social bias
ANSWER: a
39. Which of the following best describes cultural relativity?
a. The idea that behavior must never be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it
occurs.
b. The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
c. The idea that behavior must be assimilated to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
d. The idea that behavior must be judged in contrast to the values of the culture in which it
occurs.
ANSWER: b
40. In research, an animal whose behavior is studied to derive principles that may apply to human
behavior is called a/an
a. animal model.
b. behavioral model.
c. social model.
d. anthropomorphic model.
ANSWER: a
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
41. Which of the following refers to someone who specializes in the treatment of psychological and
behavioral disturbances or who does research on such disturbances?
a. clinical psychologist
b. consumer psychologist
c. psychoanalyst
d. psychotherapist
ANSWER: a
42. Which of the following refers to a psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional
and behavioral disturbances?
a. counseling psychologist
b. clinical psychologist
c. psychoanalyst
d. counselor
ANSWER: a
43. A medical doctor who prescribes drugs and treats serious mental disorders is known as a
a. psychiatrist.
b. psychologist.
c. psychoanalyst.
d. clinical psychologist.
ANSWER: a
44. Which is a mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems that do not
involve serious mental disorders?
a. counselor
b. psychologist
c. psychoanalyst
d. consultant
ANSWER: a
45. In scientific research, the process of naming and classifying is defined as
a. description.
b. evaluation.
c. analysis.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: a
46. What are psychology’s goals?
a. to predict, describe, understand, and control behavior
b. to predict, research, manipulate, and fix behavior
c. to analyze, describe, diagnose, and medicate
d. to analyze, judge, prescribe, and control behavior
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Gateways to Mind and Behavior , 16th Edition
Dennis Coon
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you 10 or five pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
1. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they were true is
called
a. uncritical acceptance.
b. confirmation bias.
c. critical acceptance.
d. awareness bias.
ANSWER: a
2. What is confirmation bias?
a. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true, or because it would be nice if they
were true.
b. The tendency to remember information that fits one’s expectations while ignoring
discrepancies.
c. Unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
d. Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
ANSWER: b
3. What is a superstition?
a. The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations.
b. An unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence.
c. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they
were true.
d. Someone with a dominant personality that can strongly influence other people.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is an unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence?
a. superstition
b. introspection
c. confirmation bias
d. uncritical acceptance
ANSWER: a
5. Personal observation of one's own thoughts, feelings, or behavior is called
a. introspection.
b. cognitive unconscious.
c. imageless thought.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: a
6. The study of sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements is called
a. structuralism.
b. Gestalt psychology.
c. scientific observation.
d. functionalism.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
ANSWER: a
7. Which of the following fields analyzes sensations and personal experience as basic elements?
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. behaviorism
d. biopsychosocial
ANSWER: a
8. Which of the following describes a field of study that only focuses on whole units of thinking, learning,
and perception?
a. Gestalt psychology
b. structural psychology
c. evolutionary psychology
d. phrenology
ANSWER: a
9. Which of the following statements relates to the term Gestalt psychology?
a. study of dreams and their meaning
b. study of thinking and perception in whole units
c. study of one's attachment to significant others
d. study of cognitive dissonance
ANSWER: b
10. What is functionalism?
a. School of psychology that considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations.
b. Study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units only, not parts.
c. School of psychology that studies individual sensations and personal experiences.
d. School of psychology that emphasizes study of observable actions over study of the mind.
ANSWER: a
11. Which school of psychology considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations?
a. Gestalt psychology
b. behaviorism
c. functionalism
d. structuralism
ANSWER: c
12. Evolutionary psychologists would focus on which of the following?
a. genetically influenced behavior that is inherited and adaptive
b. sensations and personal experiences analyzed as parts of the whole units
c. bodily events and their effects on feelings and thoughts
d. psychological features of people working in groups
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
ANSWER: a
13. Which of these refers to the inability to become subjectively aware of some mental processes?
a. imageless thought
b. natural selection
c. functionalism
d. structuralism
ANSWER: a
14. Which of the following refers to the part of the mind in which we are subjectively unaware and not
open to introspection?
a. cognitive unconscious
b. preconscious mind
c. cognitive conscious
d. subconscious mind
ANSWER: a
15. How is behaviorism defined?
a. A school of thought in psychology that considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations.
b. The view that any muscular action, glandular activity, or other identifiable aspect of behavior
must be considered.
c. The school of thought in psychology that emphasizes study of observable actions over study
of the mind.
d. Darwin’s theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living
conditions.
ANSWER: c
16. In Freudian theory, the parts of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially conflicts, impulses,
and desires not directly known to a person, are referred to as
a. dynamic unconscious.
b. dynamic conscious.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. random behavior.
ANSWER: a
17. The Freudian approach to psychotherapy, emphasizing the exploration of unconscious using free
association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts is called
a. psychoanalysis.
b. Freudian theory.
c. psychodynamic theory.
d. Neo-Freudianism.
ANSWER: a
18. Which of the following refers to the idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely
explain one’s choices and actions if all such causes were known?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. determinism
b. psychological evolution
c. psychoanalysis
d. humanistic psychology
ANSWER: a
19. Which is the study of people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve?
a. humanistic psychology
b. biopsychology
c. Freudian psychology
d. psychodynamic theory
ANSWER: a
20. Which of the following refers to the process of fully developing personal potentials?
a. self-actualization
b. self-realization
c. neuroticism
d. narcissism
ANSWER: a
21. Biopsychology is the study of
a. the brain, nervous system, and other physical origins of behavior.
b. human thinking and information processing abilities.
c. community-wide mental health through research, prevention, education, and consultation.
d. internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious motives.
ANSWER: a
22. Which pseudoscience refers to the bumps on one's head relating to personality traits and abilities?
a. phrenology
b. extrasensory perception
c. psychoanalysis
d. subliminal persuasion
ANSWER: a
23. An interdisciplinary approach acknowledging that biological, psychological, and social factors
interact to influence human behavior and mental processes is called
a. biopsychosocial model.
b. cognitive psychology.
c. positive psychology.
d. cultural relativity.
ANSWER: a
24. Which of the following attempts to explain behavior in terms of brain processes, genetics, and
adaptive aspects?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
a. biological perspective
b. psychodynamic perspective
c. humanistic perspective
d. cognitive perspective
ANSWER: a
25. What is the first step of the scientific method?
a. Examine information from previously published studies.
b. Propose a hypothesis.
c. Build a theory.
d. Define the problem.
ANSWER: a
26. In the context of the scientific method, a theory is a(n)
a. prediction of the relationship between the variables
b. deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief might be false.
c. process to determine whether results are accurate.
d. organized systems of assumptions and principles to explain a specific set of interrelationships.
ANSWER: d
27. Biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous system, such as biologists and
biochemists, comprise the broader field of
a. neuroscience.
b. evolution.
c. pseudoscience.
d. psychoanalysis.
ANSWER: a
28. What is the broader field within the biological perspective that specializes in the study of the brain
and nervous system?
a. psychoanalysis
b. neuroscience
c. evolution
d. phrenology
ANSWER: b
29. Which of the following is a basic principle of critical thinking?
a. Religious beliefs and personal values should be evaluated by applying the rules of logic,
evidence, and the scientific method.
b. If an authority is sincere or convincing, you can safely believe his/her ideas to be true.
c. Judging the quality of the evidence is crucial.
d. Critical thinking requires open-mindedness to the point of being gullible.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
30. Which of the following points toward the traditional view that behavior is shaped by mental processes
at the individual level?
a. the nature–nurture issue
b. the psychological perspective
c. the issue of determinism versus free will
d. the issue of how we should classify types of mental disorder
ANSWER: b
31. Which of the following is a definition of a psychiatrist?
a. A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems related to their
marriage, career, work, and/or school.
b. A medical professional with additional training in psychoanalysis.
c. A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and
emotional disorders.
d. A psychologist who specializes in the research and treatment of psychological and behavior
disturbances.
ANSWER: c
32. Which of the following is an advantage of the survey method of conducting research?
a. It allows information about large numbers of people to be gathered.
b. It allows investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
c. It allows prediction and can be used in a lab, clinic, or natural setting.
d. It allows the formulation of hypotheses and questions for additional research.
ANSWER: a
33. Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?
a. Obtaining a representative sample is critical and can be difficult to do.
b. It does not provide a control group for comparison.
c. Cause-and-effect relationships cannot be confirmed.
d. Observed behavior may be altered by the presence of the observer.
ANSWER: c
34. Which of the following is an advantage of the experimental method of conducting research?
a. It can address questions not answered by other research approaches.
b. It allows investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
c. It demonstrates the existence of relationships and allows prediction.
d. It allows powerful controlled observations to be staged.
ANSWER: d
35. Which of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation as a method of conducting
research?
a. Some natural behavior is not easily studied in the laboratory.
b. Observations may be biased, and causes cannot be conclusively identified.
c. Relationships may be coincidental, and cause-and-effect relationships cannot be confirmed.
d. Subjective interpretation is often necessary, and a single case may be misleading or
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
unrepresentative.
ANSWER: b
36. Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?
a. They allow for the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
b. They allow information about large numbers of people to be gathered quickly.
c. The information gained from case studies can be easily generalized to other individuals.
d. Case studies are less susceptible to researcher bias.
ANSWER: a
37. Information literacy refers to
a. a skill that involves thinking critically about the data that we are exposed to every day.
b. information that comes from participants’ physiological processes (including measures of the
brain and heart, muscles, and the production of hormones).
c. data that is provided by participants about their own thoughts, emotions, or behaviors,
typically on a questionnaire or during an interview.
d. a skill that comes from watching participants and recording their behavior.
ANSWER: a
38. Which of the following refer(s) to the rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members
of a group?
a. social norms
b. cultural relativity
c. gender bias
d. social bias
ANSWER: a
39. Which of the following best describes cultural relativity?
a. The idea that behavior must never be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it
occurs.
b. The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
c. The idea that behavior must be assimilated to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
d. The idea that behavior must be judged in contrast to the values of the culture in which it
occurs.
ANSWER: b
40. In research, an animal whose behavior is studied to derive principles that may apply to human
behavior is called a/an
a. animal model.
b. behavioral model.
c. social model.
d. anthropomorphic model.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
41. Which of the following refers to someone who specializes in the treatment of psychological and
behavioral disturbances or who does research on such disturbances?
a. clinical psychologist
b. consumer psychologist
c. psychoanalyst
d. psychotherapist
ANSWER: a
42. Which of the following refers to a psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional
and behavioral disturbances?
a. counseling psychologist
b. clinical psychologist
c. psychoanalyst
d. counselor
ANSWER: a
43. A medical doctor who prescribes drugs and treats serious mental disorders is known as a
a. psychiatrist.
b. psychologist.
c. psychoanalyst.
d. clinical psychologist.
ANSWER: a
44. Which is a mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems that do not
involve serious mental disorders?
a. counselor
b. psychologist
c. psychoanalyst
d. consultant
ANSWER: a
45. In scientific research, the process of naming and classifying is defined as
a. description.
b. evaluation.
c. analysis.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: a
46. What are psychology’s goals?
a. to predict, describe, understand, and control behavior
b. to predict, research, manipulate, and fix behavior
c. to analyze, describe, diagnose, and medicate
d. to analyze, judge, prescribe, and control behavior
ANSWER: a
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