BIOL 2604 - FINAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
preservation - CORRECT ANSWERSreduces or removes food spoilage
preservation methods - CORRECT ANSWERSirradiation, low temperature, high temperature,
dehydration, acidificiation, and chemical preservation
fermentation - CORRECT ANSWERSusing microbes to make food
irradiation - CORRECT ANSWERSGamma rays from 60Co or 137 Cs used to keep spoilage out
of spices, meat, and vegetables
low temperature - CORRECT ANSWERSrefrigeration and freezing
high temperature - CORRECT ANSWERSpasteurization and canning
dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERSsolute addition (salt or sugar)
acidification - CORRECT ANSWERSpickling
Saccharomyces elipsoideus - CORRECT ANSWERSorganism used to ferment natural sugars in
fruits into wine
,sulfur dioxide - CORRECT ANSWERSinhibits growth of unwanted yeasts and wine oxidation
amalyses - CORRECT ANSWERS___________________ inherent in the malted grains are used to
break down starches into sugars
starches - CORRECT ANSWERSgrains such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, and corn contain
___________ whose building blocks can be used in fermentation
hops - CORRECT ANSWERSadded as flavor and bittering agents but also have antibacterial
qualities
ethanol - CORRECT ANSWERSfermentation product used for industrial alcohol and as a
gasoline extender
yeast products - CORRECT ANSWERSvitamin B and D;
enzymes for food industry (invertase; galactosidase)
biochemicals for research: ATP, NAD+, RNA
flush - CORRECT ANSWERScrop of mushrooms
king oyster mushroom - CORRECT ANSWERSPleurotus eryngii
food poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERSfrom consumption of foods containing microbial toxins;
viable organisms might not be present
, food infection - CORRECT ANSWERSfrom consumption of foods containing pathogenic
microorganisms
Staphylococcus aureus - CORRECT ANSWERSproduces toxins at room temp in meat, dairy,
egg
EntA - CORRECT ANSWERSmost common enterotoxin produced by S. aureus strains
mobile DNA - CORRECT ANSWERSenterotoxins produced by S. aureus strains can be carried
on ______________________ such as plasmids, transposons, and phage vectors
Bacillus cereus - CORRECT ANSWERSheat stable vs heat labile organisms
Clostridium perfringens - CORRECT ANSWERSgrows to high numbers in warm meat products;
toxin formed at sporulation during consumption
Clostridium botulinum - CORRECT ANSWERShighly potent neurotoxin produced in poorly
cooked or canned foods
botulinum - CORRECT ANSWERStoxin causes a severe flaccid paralysis;
fatal when effects involve heart or lungs
adult botulism - CORRECT ANSWERStypically a food poisoning
infant botulism - CORRECT ANSWERSbacterial infection that causes severe flaccid paralysis
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
preservation - CORRECT ANSWERSreduces or removes food spoilage
preservation methods - CORRECT ANSWERSirradiation, low temperature, high temperature,
dehydration, acidificiation, and chemical preservation
fermentation - CORRECT ANSWERSusing microbes to make food
irradiation - CORRECT ANSWERSGamma rays from 60Co or 137 Cs used to keep spoilage out
of spices, meat, and vegetables
low temperature - CORRECT ANSWERSrefrigeration and freezing
high temperature - CORRECT ANSWERSpasteurization and canning
dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERSsolute addition (salt or sugar)
acidification - CORRECT ANSWERSpickling
Saccharomyces elipsoideus - CORRECT ANSWERSorganism used to ferment natural sugars in
fruits into wine
,sulfur dioxide - CORRECT ANSWERSinhibits growth of unwanted yeasts and wine oxidation
amalyses - CORRECT ANSWERS___________________ inherent in the malted grains are used to
break down starches into sugars
starches - CORRECT ANSWERSgrains such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, and corn contain
___________ whose building blocks can be used in fermentation
hops - CORRECT ANSWERSadded as flavor and bittering agents but also have antibacterial
qualities
ethanol - CORRECT ANSWERSfermentation product used for industrial alcohol and as a
gasoline extender
yeast products - CORRECT ANSWERSvitamin B and D;
enzymes for food industry (invertase; galactosidase)
biochemicals for research: ATP, NAD+, RNA
flush - CORRECT ANSWERScrop of mushrooms
king oyster mushroom - CORRECT ANSWERSPleurotus eryngii
food poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERSfrom consumption of foods containing microbial toxins;
viable organisms might not be present
, food infection - CORRECT ANSWERSfrom consumption of foods containing pathogenic
microorganisms
Staphylococcus aureus - CORRECT ANSWERSproduces toxins at room temp in meat, dairy,
egg
EntA - CORRECT ANSWERSmost common enterotoxin produced by S. aureus strains
mobile DNA - CORRECT ANSWERSenterotoxins produced by S. aureus strains can be carried
on ______________________ such as plasmids, transposons, and phage vectors
Bacillus cereus - CORRECT ANSWERSheat stable vs heat labile organisms
Clostridium perfringens - CORRECT ANSWERSgrows to high numbers in warm meat products;
toxin formed at sporulation during consumption
Clostridium botulinum - CORRECT ANSWERShighly potent neurotoxin produced in poorly
cooked or canned foods
botulinum - CORRECT ANSWERStoxin causes a severe flaccid paralysis;
fatal when effects involve heart or lungs
adult botulism - CORRECT ANSWERStypically a food poisoning
infant botulism - CORRECT ANSWERSbacterial infection that causes severe flaccid paralysis
