BIOL 2604 EXAM 2 EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
cytoplasmic membrane functionsCORRECT-ANSWERSpermeability barrier, protein
anchor, energy conservation
permeability barrier functionCORRECT-ANSWERSprevents leakage and functions as a
gateway for transport of nutrients into and out of the cell, charged/large
molecules/ions cannot move steadily , small hydrophobic molecules/ions can move
steadily
protein anchor functionCORRECT-ANSWERS-site of many proteins involved in
transport, bioenergetics, and chemotaxis
chemotaxis-CORRECT-ANSWERSdirected movement toward or away from chemicals
bioenergetics-CORRECT-ANSWERSgeneration of energy (protein gradient, ATP
synthesis, ETC)
energy conservationCORRECT-ANSWERSsite of generation and use of the proton
motive force, charge and concentration differences can be used as potential energy for
,the cell ("chemiosmotic pressure"), proton gradient is the basis for the proton motive
force which is used by the flagellum
membrane transport systemsCORRECT-ANSWERSsimple transporters: substrate
specific, group translocation, the abc system, carrier-mediated transport
simple transportersCORRECT-ANSWERSuniporter: one substrate, symporter: two
substrates go in the same direction (ex. lacpermease symporter), antiporter: two
substrate go in opposite directions
group translocationCORRECT-ANSWERSsubstrate is transported across membrane by
energy from PEP, glucose is transported into the cell in this manner
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) hydrolysis is more ___________ than ATP
hydrolysisCORRECT-ANSWERSenergetic
the abc systemCORRECT-ANSWERS3 components: periplasmic binding protein,
transporter, and ATP binding cassette (ABC), best for transport of nutrients in
extremely low concentrations
carrier mediated transportCORRECT-ANSWERSThe rate of transporting materials
steadily increases with increasing substrate concentration, but then eventually levels
, off because the carriers get saturated with the substrate molecules. Important for
small molecules and all are things that can involve the input of energy
importance of protein secretionCORRECT-ANSWERSenzymatic functions are needed
on the outside of the cell (ex. amylase and cellulase)
translocasesCORRECT-ANSWERSsecretion of macromolecules (used for larger
molecules); insertion into the cytoplasmic membrane Ex. SecYEG(threads protein
through membrane as its being synthesized then protein folds on the outside of the
cell)
gram-positive cell wallsCORRECT-ANSWERSWall associated protein, teichoic acid,
lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan (wayyyy more than gram-negative walls), cytoplasmic
membrane
gram-negative cell wallsCORRECT-ANSWERSPeriplasm, lipopolysaccharides, proteins,
porins, Peptidoglycan layer within the cell wall, **have less peptidoglycan than gram-
positive
teichoic acidsCORRECT-ANSWERSmay be composed of repeating subunts of ribotol
phosphate or glycerol phosphate
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
cytoplasmic membrane functionsCORRECT-ANSWERSpermeability barrier, protein
anchor, energy conservation
permeability barrier functionCORRECT-ANSWERSprevents leakage and functions as a
gateway for transport of nutrients into and out of the cell, charged/large
molecules/ions cannot move steadily , small hydrophobic molecules/ions can move
steadily
protein anchor functionCORRECT-ANSWERS-site of many proteins involved in
transport, bioenergetics, and chemotaxis
chemotaxis-CORRECT-ANSWERSdirected movement toward or away from chemicals
bioenergetics-CORRECT-ANSWERSgeneration of energy (protein gradient, ATP
synthesis, ETC)
energy conservationCORRECT-ANSWERSsite of generation and use of the proton
motive force, charge and concentration differences can be used as potential energy for
,the cell ("chemiosmotic pressure"), proton gradient is the basis for the proton motive
force which is used by the flagellum
membrane transport systemsCORRECT-ANSWERSsimple transporters: substrate
specific, group translocation, the abc system, carrier-mediated transport
simple transportersCORRECT-ANSWERSuniporter: one substrate, symporter: two
substrates go in the same direction (ex. lacpermease symporter), antiporter: two
substrate go in opposite directions
group translocationCORRECT-ANSWERSsubstrate is transported across membrane by
energy from PEP, glucose is transported into the cell in this manner
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) hydrolysis is more ___________ than ATP
hydrolysisCORRECT-ANSWERSenergetic
the abc systemCORRECT-ANSWERS3 components: periplasmic binding protein,
transporter, and ATP binding cassette (ABC), best for transport of nutrients in
extremely low concentrations
carrier mediated transportCORRECT-ANSWERSThe rate of transporting materials
steadily increases with increasing substrate concentration, but then eventually levels
, off because the carriers get saturated with the substrate molecules. Important for
small molecules and all are things that can involve the input of energy
importance of protein secretionCORRECT-ANSWERSenzymatic functions are needed
on the outside of the cell (ex. amylase and cellulase)
translocasesCORRECT-ANSWERSsecretion of macromolecules (used for larger
molecules); insertion into the cytoplasmic membrane Ex. SecYEG(threads protein
through membrane as its being synthesized then protein folds on the outside of the
cell)
gram-positive cell wallsCORRECT-ANSWERSWall associated protein, teichoic acid,
lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan (wayyyy more than gram-negative walls), cytoplasmic
membrane
gram-negative cell wallsCORRECT-ANSWERSPeriplasm, lipopolysaccharides, proteins,
porins, Peptidoglycan layer within the cell wall, **have less peptidoglycan than gram-
positive
teichoic acidsCORRECT-ANSWERSmay be composed of repeating subunts of ribotol
phosphate or glycerol phosphate
