,TESTBANK for Life-Span Human Development ,
10th Edition Carol K. Sigelman
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
1. Development is best defined as
a. individual differences in human behavior.
b. the systematic changes and continuities from conception to death.
c. the way in which people change in positive ways across time.
d. the systematic unfolding of genetic potential.
ANSWER: b
2. Albert, a developmental psychologist, conducts research on children’s emotional reactions to studying
math in school. Albert is concerned with children’s
a. cognitive development.
b. maturational development.
c. physical development.
d. psychosocial development.
ANSWER: d
3. Which characteristic belongs mainly in the cognitive domain of development?
a. physical maturation of the body
b. a changing personality
c. poor interpersonal skills
d. language acquisition
ANSWER: d
4. Changes in motor ability and the smoothness or wrinkling of the skin due to age would be aspects of
which domain of development?
a. maturational domain
b. biological domain
c. cognitive domain
d. psychosocial domain
ANSWER: b
5. Traditionally, growth has been defined as
a. physical changes that occur from conception to maturity.
b. the biological unfolding of genetic potential.
c. positive changes across the lifespan.
d. gains, changes, and losses at each stage of the lifecycle.
ANSWER: a
6. The term emerging adulthood refers to individuals from about age
a. 11 to 17.
b. 18 to 29.
c. 29 to 37.
d. 38 to 46.
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
7. According to Arnett, individuals currently in the “emerging adulthood” stage of development would
most likely
a. be leading very stable lives.
b. feel adult-like in all ways.
c. be focused more on others than themselves.
d. believe in a life of limitless possibilities.
ANSWER: d
8. Which term is best defined as the shared knowledge, beliefs, values, and practices of a people?
a. Meso system
b. social clock
c. culture
d. cohort
ANSWER: c
9. The term age grade refers to a
a. group of individuals who are all the same mental age.
b. socially defined age group, with culture-specific assigned roles, privileges, and
responsibilities.
c. universally defined age group, with globally accepted roles, privileges, and responsibilities.
d. group of children being assigned to specific school classes based on academic test scores.
ANSWER: b
10. ”Senior” discounts on meals available only to individuals over age 55 provide an excellent example of
a. an age norm.
b. a social clock.
c. an age grade.
d. a social convoy.
ANSWER: c
11. A company requires employees to retire at the age of 65. This policy is an example of
a. age norms.
b. age stratification.
c. the young-old principle.
d. the social clock.
ANSWER: a
12. When 60-year-old Madonna wore a miniskirt to a wedding, several friends commented that they “sure
wish Madonna would act more like a 60-year-old.” This comment best illustrates the concept of
a. age norms.
b. age grade.
c. cohort effects.
d. maturational effects.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
13. Which term best describes an individual’s sense of when certain events should be experienced and
whether the individual is ahead or behind this schedule?
a. age norms
b. age stratification
c. social clock
d. age grade
ANSWER: c
14. Manuel had hoped to graduate from college by age 22 but enrolled for the first time at age 52. The
anxiety Manuel feels because of this situation may be best explained by the concept of
a. biological maturation.
b. a social clock.
c. plasticity.
d. historical change.
ANSWER: b
15. Research on the effects of high and low socioeconomic status found that
a. youth from high-income families tend to reach milestones of adulthood earlier and feel like
adults sooner.
b. the United States has one of the smallest gaps between the rich and the poor among the
wealthy nations of the world.
c. higher-socioeconomic status parents and children experience more stress than lower-
socioeconomic status parents and children.
d. measurable differences in brain development exist between high and low socioeconomic
children.
ANSWER: d
16. Who is likely to attain the milestones of adulthood the earliest?
a. Randy, who lives in a wealthy suburb and attends private school
b. Kerry, who lives in a housing project and dropped out of high school
c. Jaylin, who lives in a Manhattan penthouse and is home-schooled
d. Tanesha, who lives in a middle-class home and goes to the local high school
ANSWER: b
17. Development of the idea of adolescence occurred as
a. more industrialization and an educated labor force required laws that restricted child labor and
made schooling compulsory.
b. recognition of the risks associated with early childbearing led to increases in the age at which
females could be married.
c. the criminal justice system recognized that teenagers, while different from children, did not
possess the reasoning capabilities of adults.
d. the westward expansion of the United States created a need for a young, strong, and healthy
workforce.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
18. Which country currently has the lowest life expectancy at birth?
a. South Korea
b. United States
c. Canada
d. Japan
ANSWER: b
19. Scientists who focus their research on how older adults adapt to economic, psychological, and
physical changes are referred to as
a. lifespan develop mentalists.
b. anthropologists.
c. pubescence specialists.
d. gerontologists.
ANSWER: d
20. Which of the following reflects the principle that human development is a lifelong process?
a. A person has the capacity to adapt to any challenging circumstances over the course of their
life.
b. From birth to death, a person will continue to add new capabilities and processes without loss.
c. Understanding adult choices requires looking back at how these choices took shape in
childhood.
d. Both historical events and cultural factors impact how a person develops throughout their
lifetime.
ANSWER: c
21. Some intellectual abilities peak in adolescence, while other skills peak in middle age. Some skills
decline in late adulthood, while others continue to increase into late adulthood. These differing rates of
increase and decline illustrate which assumption of the life-span perspective?
a. Development is multidirectional.
b. Development is characterized by lifelong plasticity.
c. Development is multiply influenced.
d. Development is shaped by its historical-cultural context.
ANSWER: a
22. After taking time off for 20 years to raise her children, Loretta decided to go back to college to get a
degree. She was nervous about being away from an educational environment for so long, and many things
had changed, but after a few rough weeks she was able to get comfortable and scored a 96 on her first
exam. What enabled Loretta to succeed in this new life experience?
a. continuity
b. plasticity
c. social clock
d. maturation
ANSWER: b
23. Which best exemplifies the concept of neuro plasticity?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
a. the ability to use your arm to draw after the arm was severely broken
b. the development of thicker heart muscles in old age after undertaking an aerobic exercise class
c. the production of large amounts of testosterone during puberty
d. the formation of new brain cell connections as the result of reading a book
ANSWER: d
24. The fact that many adult males who lived through the Great Depression later had erratic careers and
unstable marriages exemplifies
a. the impact of historical context on development.
b. the multidirectional nature of development.
c. maturational deficits.
d. the baby boom generation.
ANSWER: a
25. In the late 19th century, several scholars began to carefully observe the growth and development of
their own children and to publish their findings in the form of
a. meta-analysis data.
b. baby biographies.
c. correlational studies.
d. sequential designs.
ANSWER: b
26. Which researcher was considered the most influential baby biographer and whose interest in child
development stemmed from an interest in evolution?
a. Urie Bronfenbrenner
b. B. F. Skinner
c. Erik Erikson
d. Charles Darwin
ANSWER: d
27. Which researcher is most often cited as the founder of developmental psychology and who also
invented the questionnaire to study children’s thinking?
a. Jean Piaget
b. B. F. Skinner
c. Erik Erikson
d. G. Stanley Hall
ANSWER: d
28. G. Stanley Hall characterized adolescence as a transitional time of emotional ups and downs and rapid
changes, a time Hall referred to as
a. emerging adulthood.
b. latent childhood.
c. storm and stress.
d. ethnocentrism.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
ANSWER: c
29. A theory is best defined as a
a. set of propositions used to control developmental outcomes.
b. set of ideas proposed to describe and explain certain phenomena.
c. factual description of developmental phenomena.
d. series of systematic tests of all available hypotheses.
ANSWER: b
30. A good scientific theory should
a. be falsifiable.
b. be vague and broad in scope.
c. never be subjected to revision or abandonment.
d. be based on a nature rather than nurture perspective.
ANSWER: a
31. The question of how biological and environmental forces impact development is referred to as the
a. continuity–discontinuity issue.
b. passive–active issue.
c. nature–nurture issue.
d. proximal–distal issue.
ANSWER: c
32. Regarding the nature–nurture issue, a strong believer in nature would suggest that
a. environmental influences are more important than genetic makeup in determining human
behavior.
b. maturation forces are more influential than environmental experiences in determining human
behavior.
c. teaching and enrichment of the environment are often more influential than genetics in
determining human behavior.
d. humans are basically good.
ANSWER: b
33. Because Dr. Patel falls on the “nurture” side of the nature–nurture issue, Dr. Patel is most likely to
believe that
a. if infants are given normal opportunities to move about, their motor skills will naturally
unfold in a universal sequence.
b. teachers’ expectations for their students’ success will have little effect on how they actually
perform academically.
c. while children’s experiences in school will have an impact on their intellectual development,
what the child is “born with” matters more.
d. a parent’s care can greatly impact the development of a child.
ANSWER: d
34. Which represents a maturational process?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
a. being taught how to pay attention
b. changing one’s violent ways as the result of intense therapy
c. learning to tie your shoes
d. the development of pubic hair during puberty
ANSWER: d
35. Which term best describes all the physical and social conditions that can affect us from our prenatal
environment to our present living conditions to our social interactions with other people?
a. nurture
b. nature
c. continuity
d. discontinuity
ANSWER: a
36. When an organism learns, which process brings about the relatively permanent changes in actions,
thoughts, or feelings?
a. maturation
b. genetics
c. instincts
d. experience
ANSWER: d
37. Nature is to nurture as
a. maturation is to learning.
b. experience is to genetics.
c. psychology is to biology.
d. positive is to negative.
ANSWER: a
38. Regarding the theories of development, which issue focuses on whether development occurs gradually
in small steps or involves more abrupt changes?
a. nature–nurture
b. plasticity–directionality
c. continuity–discontinuity
d. universality–context-specificity
ANSWER: c
39. Jesse believes that development proceeds through a series of developmental stages, each of which
represents distinct changes. Jesse would best be described as a
a. discontinuity theorist.
b. learning theorist.
c. continuity theorist.
d. context-specificity theorist.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
40. The universality–context-specificity issue is concerned with whether
a. we all follow the same or different developmental paths.
b. environmental or biological factors are more influential in development.
c. we pass through abrupt developmental stages or develop in small, gradual steps.
d. we all participate in our developmental outcomes or not.
ANSWER: a
41. The statement, “change is different from person to person because cultures differ from person to
person,” best fits with which approach to development?
a. discontinuity
b. plasticity
c. context-specific
d. universality
ANSWER: c
42. Which theory of development asks fundamental questions about how the characteristics and behaviors
we observe in humans today may have helped our ancestors adapt to their environments and survive to
pass these genes on to their children?
a. cognitive-developmental
b. evolutionary
c. Bio ecological systems
d. learning
ANSWER: b
43. Researchers are collecting data on children’s play and how today’s play behaviors are similar to the
types of play displayed by their early ancestors. These researchers will also try to determine how the se
similar play behaviors contributed to children’s development and adaptation throughout history. Which
theoretical viewpoint does this research best illustrate?
a. evolutionary
b. psychoanalytic
c. Bio ecological systems
d. learning
ANSWER: a
44. Rayan and Aki believe their children act the way they do because of the unconscious workings of
their minds. Their belief best illustrates which theory of development?
a. cognitive-developmental
b. contextual
c. behavioral
d. psychoanalytic
ANSWER: d
45. Which the orist viewed development as involving conflicts between the id, ego, and superego with
maturation occurring through the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
10th Edition Carol K. Sigelman
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many
new editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
1. Development is best defined as
a. individual differences in human behavior.
b. the systematic changes and continuities from conception to death.
c. the way in which people change in positive ways across time.
d. the systematic unfolding of genetic potential.
ANSWER: b
2. Albert, a developmental psychologist, conducts research on children’s emotional reactions to studying
math in school. Albert is concerned with children’s
a. cognitive development.
b. maturational development.
c. physical development.
d. psychosocial development.
ANSWER: d
3. Which characteristic belongs mainly in the cognitive domain of development?
a. physical maturation of the body
b. a changing personality
c. poor interpersonal skills
d. language acquisition
ANSWER: d
4. Changes in motor ability and the smoothness or wrinkling of the skin due to age would be aspects of
which domain of development?
a. maturational domain
b. biological domain
c. cognitive domain
d. psychosocial domain
ANSWER: b
5. Traditionally, growth has been defined as
a. physical changes that occur from conception to maturity.
b. the biological unfolding of genetic potential.
c. positive changes across the lifespan.
d. gains, changes, and losses at each stage of the lifecycle.
ANSWER: a
6. The term emerging adulthood refers to individuals from about age
a. 11 to 17.
b. 18 to 29.
c. 29 to 37.
d. 38 to 46.
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
7. According to Arnett, individuals currently in the “emerging adulthood” stage of development would
most likely
a. be leading very stable lives.
b. feel adult-like in all ways.
c. be focused more on others than themselves.
d. believe in a life of limitless possibilities.
ANSWER: d
8. Which term is best defined as the shared knowledge, beliefs, values, and practices of a people?
a. Meso system
b. social clock
c. culture
d. cohort
ANSWER: c
9. The term age grade refers to a
a. group of individuals who are all the same mental age.
b. socially defined age group, with culture-specific assigned roles, privileges, and
responsibilities.
c. universally defined age group, with globally accepted roles, privileges, and responsibilities.
d. group of children being assigned to specific school classes based on academic test scores.
ANSWER: b
10. ”Senior” discounts on meals available only to individuals over age 55 provide an excellent example of
a. an age norm.
b. a social clock.
c. an age grade.
d. a social convoy.
ANSWER: c
11. A company requires employees to retire at the age of 65. This policy is an example of
a. age norms.
b. age stratification.
c. the young-old principle.
d. the social clock.
ANSWER: a
12. When 60-year-old Madonna wore a miniskirt to a wedding, several friends commented that they “sure
wish Madonna would act more like a 60-year-old.” This comment best illustrates the concept of
a. age norms.
b. age grade.
c. cohort effects.
d. maturational effects.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
13. Which term best describes an individual’s sense of when certain events should be experienced and
whether the individual is ahead or behind this schedule?
a. age norms
b. age stratification
c. social clock
d. age grade
ANSWER: c
14. Manuel had hoped to graduate from college by age 22 but enrolled for the first time at age 52. The
anxiety Manuel feels because of this situation may be best explained by the concept of
a. biological maturation.
b. a social clock.
c. plasticity.
d. historical change.
ANSWER: b
15. Research on the effects of high and low socioeconomic status found that
a. youth from high-income families tend to reach milestones of adulthood earlier and feel like
adults sooner.
b. the United States has one of the smallest gaps between the rich and the poor among the
wealthy nations of the world.
c. higher-socioeconomic status parents and children experience more stress than lower-
socioeconomic status parents and children.
d. measurable differences in brain development exist between high and low socioeconomic
children.
ANSWER: d
16. Who is likely to attain the milestones of adulthood the earliest?
a. Randy, who lives in a wealthy suburb and attends private school
b. Kerry, who lives in a housing project and dropped out of high school
c. Jaylin, who lives in a Manhattan penthouse and is home-schooled
d. Tanesha, who lives in a middle-class home and goes to the local high school
ANSWER: b
17. Development of the idea of adolescence occurred as
a. more industrialization and an educated labor force required laws that restricted child labor and
made schooling compulsory.
b. recognition of the risks associated with early childbearing led to increases in the age at which
females could be married.
c. the criminal justice system recognized that teenagers, while different from children, did not
possess the reasoning capabilities of adults.
d. the westward expansion of the United States created a need for a young, strong, and healthy
workforce.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
18. Which country currently has the lowest life expectancy at birth?
a. South Korea
b. United States
c. Canada
d. Japan
ANSWER: b
19. Scientists who focus their research on how older adults adapt to economic, psychological, and
physical changes are referred to as
a. lifespan develop mentalists.
b. anthropologists.
c. pubescence specialists.
d. gerontologists.
ANSWER: d
20. Which of the following reflects the principle that human development is a lifelong process?
a. A person has the capacity to adapt to any challenging circumstances over the course of their
life.
b. From birth to death, a person will continue to add new capabilities and processes without loss.
c. Understanding adult choices requires looking back at how these choices took shape in
childhood.
d. Both historical events and cultural factors impact how a person develops throughout their
lifetime.
ANSWER: c
21. Some intellectual abilities peak in adolescence, while other skills peak in middle age. Some skills
decline in late adulthood, while others continue to increase into late adulthood. These differing rates of
increase and decline illustrate which assumption of the life-span perspective?
a. Development is multidirectional.
b. Development is characterized by lifelong plasticity.
c. Development is multiply influenced.
d. Development is shaped by its historical-cultural context.
ANSWER: a
22. After taking time off for 20 years to raise her children, Loretta decided to go back to college to get a
degree. She was nervous about being away from an educational environment for so long, and many things
had changed, but after a few rough weeks she was able to get comfortable and scored a 96 on her first
exam. What enabled Loretta to succeed in this new life experience?
a. continuity
b. plasticity
c. social clock
d. maturation
ANSWER: b
23. Which best exemplifies the concept of neuro plasticity?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
a. the ability to use your arm to draw after the arm was severely broken
b. the development of thicker heart muscles in old age after undertaking an aerobic exercise class
c. the production of large amounts of testosterone during puberty
d. the formation of new brain cell connections as the result of reading a book
ANSWER: d
24. The fact that many adult males who lived through the Great Depression later had erratic careers and
unstable marriages exemplifies
a. the impact of historical context on development.
b. the multidirectional nature of development.
c. maturational deficits.
d. the baby boom generation.
ANSWER: a
25. In the late 19th century, several scholars began to carefully observe the growth and development of
their own children and to publish their findings in the form of
a. meta-analysis data.
b. baby biographies.
c. correlational studies.
d. sequential designs.
ANSWER: b
26. Which researcher was considered the most influential baby biographer and whose interest in child
development stemmed from an interest in evolution?
a. Urie Bronfenbrenner
b. B. F. Skinner
c. Erik Erikson
d. Charles Darwin
ANSWER: d
27. Which researcher is most often cited as the founder of developmental psychology and who also
invented the questionnaire to study children’s thinking?
a. Jean Piaget
b. B. F. Skinner
c. Erik Erikson
d. G. Stanley Hall
ANSWER: d
28. G. Stanley Hall characterized adolescence as a transitional time of emotional ups and downs and rapid
changes, a time Hall referred to as
a. emerging adulthood.
b. latent childhood.
c. storm and stress.
d. ethnocentrism.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
ANSWER: c
29. A theory is best defined as a
a. set of propositions used to control developmental outcomes.
b. set of ideas proposed to describe and explain certain phenomena.
c. factual description of developmental phenomena.
d. series of systematic tests of all available hypotheses.
ANSWER: b
30. A good scientific theory should
a. be falsifiable.
b. be vague and broad in scope.
c. never be subjected to revision or abandonment.
d. be based on a nature rather than nurture perspective.
ANSWER: a
31. The question of how biological and environmental forces impact development is referred to as the
a. continuity–discontinuity issue.
b. passive–active issue.
c. nature–nurture issue.
d. proximal–distal issue.
ANSWER: c
32. Regarding the nature–nurture issue, a strong believer in nature would suggest that
a. environmental influences are more important than genetic makeup in determining human
behavior.
b. maturation forces are more influential than environmental experiences in determining human
behavior.
c. teaching and enrichment of the environment are often more influential than genetics in
determining human behavior.
d. humans are basically good.
ANSWER: b
33. Because Dr. Patel falls on the “nurture” side of the nature–nurture issue, Dr. Patel is most likely to
believe that
a. if infants are given normal opportunities to move about, their motor skills will naturally
unfold in a universal sequence.
b. teachers’ expectations for their students’ success will have little effect on how they actually
perform academically.
c. while children’s experiences in school will have an impact on their intellectual development,
what the child is “born with” matters more.
d. a parent’s care can greatly impact the development of a child.
ANSWER: d
34. Which represents a maturational process?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
a. being taught how to pay attention
b. changing one’s violent ways as the result of intense therapy
c. learning to tie your shoes
d. the development of pubic hair during puberty
ANSWER: d
35. Which term best describes all the physical and social conditions that can affect us from our prenatal
environment to our present living conditions to our social interactions with other people?
a. nurture
b. nature
c. continuity
d. discontinuity
ANSWER: a
36. When an organism learns, which process brings about the relatively permanent changes in actions,
thoughts, or feelings?
a. maturation
b. genetics
c. instincts
d. experience
ANSWER: d
37. Nature is to nurture as
a. maturation is to learning.
b. experience is to genetics.
c. psychology is to biology.
d. positive is to negative.
ANSWER: a
38. Regarding the theories of development, which issue focuses on whether development occurs gradually
in small steps or involves more abrupt changes?
a. nature–nurture
b. plasticity–directionality
c. continuity–discontinuity
d. universality–context-specificity
ANSWER: c
39. Jesse believes that development proceeds through a series of developmental stages, each of which
represents distinct changes. Jesse would best be described as a
a. discontinuity theorist.
b. learning theorist.
c. continuity theorist.
d. context-specificity theorist.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1
40. The universality–context-specificity issue is concerned with whether
a. we all follow the same or different developmental paths.
b. environmental or biological factors are more influential in development.
c. we pass through abrupt developmental stages or develop in small, gradual steps.
d. we all participate in our developmental outcomes or not.
ANSWER: a
41. The statement, “change is different from person to person because cultures differ from person to
person,” best fits with which approach to development?
a. discontinuity
b. plasticity
c. context-specific
d. universality
ANSWER: c
42. Which theory of development asks fundamental questions about how the characteristics and behaviors
we observe in humans today may have helped our ancestors adapt to their environments and survive to
pass these genes on to their children?
a. cognitive-developmental
b. evolutionary
c. Bio ecological systems
d. learning
ANSWER: b
43. Researchers are collecting data on children’s play and how today’s play behaviors are similar to the
types of play displayed by their early ancestors. These researchers will also try to determine how the se
similar play behaviors contributed to children’s development and adaptation throughout history. Which
theoretical viewpoint does this research best illustrate?
a. evolutionary
b. psychoanalytic
c. Bio ecological systems
d. learning
ANSWER: a
44. Rayan and Aki believe their children act the way they do because of the unconscious workings of
their minds. Their belief best illustrates which theory of development?
a. cognitive-developmental
b. contextual
c. behavioral
d. psychoanalytic
ANSWER: d
45. Which the orist viewed development as involving conflicts between the id, ego, and superego with
maturation occurring through the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages?
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
