lOMoARcPSD|56128505
Nclex-Kaplan-Review review to pass nclex in one take
Pharmacology (Texas Woman's University)
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, lOMoARcPSD|56128505
Normal Lab Values
• Hgb (hemoglobin): males=14-18 females=12-16; w/ <6.8= NC of 2L
o <12= iron deficiency anemia…… >15= dehydration, HF, or COPD
• Hct (hematocrit): males=42-52 females=37-47; ↑ of >4 points in 2 weeks= ↑ risk for
seizures
• RBC’s: males=4.7-6.1 million females=4.2-5.4 million
• WBC’s: 4,500-11,000 (4.5-11 K)
• Platelets: 1,500-400,000 (150-400 K)
• PT (Coumadin/Warfarin): 11-15 sec. (INR:2-3 & PT TR)… must be 1.5-2x’s normal
• PTT ( Heparin): 60-70 sec. (APTT: 30-40 & PTT TR)… must be 1.5-3x’s normal
• BUN: 10-20
• Creatinine: 0.5-1.2
• Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030
• Sodium: 136-145……. <135= flat neck veins, generalized weakness, ↓ DTR’s, hyperactive
bowel sounds….>145= Cushing’s syndrome, pts w/ corticosteroids
• Potassium: 3.5-5……………..<3.5=prominent U waves, ↓ ST segment, & flat T waves…………….
>5= tall peaked T waves, prolonged PR interval & wide QRS.
• Calcium: 9-10.5………<9= muscle spasm, convulsions, cramps, tetany, + trousseau’s, +
chvostek’s, prolonged ST interval, prolonged QT interval, & wide QRS.
• Magnesium: 1.5-2.5
• Chloride: 96-106
• Phosphorus: 3-4.5 …<2.9 malnutrition/ starvation, alcoholism ……>4.5 renal insufficiency or
tumor lysis syndrome.
• Pre Albumin: 20-36 Albumin: 3.5-5 Serum Protein level: 6-8
• Dilantin TR: 10-20
• Lithium TR:1.5-1.5. >1.5= toxicity: fine tremors, nausea, drowsiness, slurred speech,
muscle weakness, diarrhea, & vomiting. ↓Na levels puts the pt @ risk for toxicity; Maintain
normal Na & fluid intake. Takes 1-4 weeks to reach therapeutic level: avoid driving until
then. NO CAFFEINE! Regular blood tests & maintain weight.
Downloaded by John Wangari ()
, lOMoARcPSD|56128505
• Digoxin TR: 0.8-2.0…..hold>2.0…..>2.5=toxic (visual disturbances: yellow halos/lights);
greater ↑ risk w/ ↓ K+. Monitor K+
• LDL: <130 HDL: >40
• Lactate level: <2.2= normal …………….>4=septic
• Bilirubin (newborn): 1-12 >15 requires phototherapy
• ASA (therapeutic anti-arthritic levels): 20-30…>30=toxic
• PSA: <4
• Amylase: 25-151… w/ acute pancreatitis is doesn’t exceed 3 x’s the normal value
• Blood urea nitrogen 8-25 is checked to see if Tx of UTI or dehydration was successful.
o <8 fluid overload >25 dehydration
Arterial Blood Gases
o pH: 7.35-7.45
o CO2 (respiratory driver): 35-45- Acidodic
o HCO3 (metabolic driver): 21-28- Alkalosis
**Compensated-pH becomes Normal **
**Partially compensated- CO2+HCO3 are BOTH ↑↓ & pH is abnormal.
** Uncompensated- ALL are abnormal**
҉ Diarrhea/DKA (fruity breathe) = Metabolic Acidosis
҉ Vomiting= Metabolic Alkalosis
҉ Hypoventilation= Respiratory Acidosis → too much CO2
҉ Hyperventilation= Respiratory Alkalosis → low CO2
Fluid & Electrolytes
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, lOMoARcPSD|56128505
▪ Fluid Volume Deficit Fluid Volume Excess
↑hematocrit ↓ hematocrit
↓ BP ↑BP
↑ Urine specificity >1.030 ↓ urine specificity
↑ CVP (normal 4-11)
↑ BUN
o Types of solutions:
▪ Hypotonic= hydrates the cell; tap water, .45% NaCL, .33% NaCL
▪ Isotonic= stays put; D5%W, RL, NS 0.9%. *Only sterile saline for bladder
irrigation*
▪ D5W w/ KCL: should be no faster than 20 mEq/h
▪ Hypertonic= expands volume; D10%W, D5%NS, Albumin
Antidotes
⬥ Digoxin→ Digiband
⬥ Coumadin→ Vitamin K
⬥ Benzodiazepines→ Flumazenil (Tomazicon)
⬥ Mg Sulfate→ Calcium Gluconate
⬥ Heparin→ Protamine Sulfate
⬥ Tylenol→ Mucomist (17 doses + a loading dose)
⬥ Opiates (heroin/morphine)→ Narcan (Naloxone)
⬥ Cholinergic Drugs (myesthenic bradycardia)→ Atropine
⬥ Methotrexate→ Leucovorin
Pediatrics
◇ The preferred injection site for vitamin K in the newborn is the lateral aspect of
the middle third of the vastus lateralis muscle in the newborn's thigh.
Downloaded by John Wangari ()
Nclex-Kaplan-Review review to pass nclex in one take
Pharmacology (Texas Woman's University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by John Wangari ()
, lOMoARcPSD|56128505
Normal Lab Values
• Hgb (hemoglobin): males=14-18 females=12-16; w/ <6.8= NC of 2L
o <12= iron deficiency anemia…… >15= dehydration, HF, or COPD
• Hct (hematocrit): males=42-52 females=37-47; ↑ of >4 points in 2 weeks= ↑ risk for
seizures
• RBC’s: males=4.7-6.1 million females=4.2-5.4 million
• WBC’s: 4,500-11,000 (4.5-11 K)
• Platelets: 1,500-400,000 (150-400 K)
• PT (Coumadin/Warfarin): 11-15 sec. (INR:2-3 & PT TR)… must be 1.5-2x’s normal
• PTT ( Heparin): 60-70 sec. (APTT: 30-40 & PTT TR)… must be 1.5-3x’s normal
• BUN: 10-20
• Creatinine: 0.5-1.2
• Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030
• Sodium: 136-145……. <135= flat neck veins, generalized weakness, ↓ DTR’s, hyperactive
bowel sounds….>145= Cushing’s syndrome, pts w/ corticosteroids
• Potassium: 3.5-5……………..<3.5=prominent U waves, ↓ ST segment, & flat T waves…………….
>5= tall peaked T waves, prolonged PR interval & wide QRS.
• Calcium: 9-10.5………<9= muscle spasm, convulsions, cramps, tetany, + trousseau’s, +
chvostek’s, prolonged ST interval, prolonged QT interval, & wide QRS.
• Magnesium: 1.5-2.5
• Chloride: 96-106
• Phosphorus: 3-4.5 …<2.9 malnutrition/ starvation, alcoholism ……>4.5 renal insufficiency or
tumor lysis syndrome.
• Pre Albumin: 20-36 Albumin: 3.5-5 Serum Protein level: 6-8
• Dilantin TR: 10-20
• Lithium TR:1.5-1.5. >1.5= toxicity: fine tremors, nausea, drowsiness, slurred speech,
muscle weakness, diarrhea, & vomiting. ↓Na levels puts the pt @ risk for toxicity; Maintain
normal Na & fluid intake. Takes 1-4 weeks to reach therapeutic level: avoid driving until
then. NO CAFFEINE! Regular blood tests & maintain weight.
Downloaded by John Wangari ()
, lOMoARcPSD|56128505
• Digoxin TR: 0.8-2.0…..hold>2.0…..>2.5=toxic (visual disturbances: yellow halos/lights);
greater ↑ risk w/ ↓ K+. Monitor K+
• LDL: <130 HDL: >40
• Lactate level: <2.2= normal …………….>4=septic
• Bilirubin (newborn): 1-12 >15 requires phototherapy
• ASA (therapeutic anti-arthritic levels): 20-30…>30=toxic
• PSA: <4
• Amylase: 25-151… w/ acute pancreatitis is doesn’t exceed 3 x’s the normal value
• Blood urea nitrogen 8-25 is checked to see if Tx of UTI or dehydration was successful.
o <8 fluid overload >25 dehydration
Arterial Blood Gases
o pH: 7.35-7.45
o CO2 (respiratory driver): 35-45- Acidodic
o HCO3 (metabolic driver): 21-28- Alkalosis
**Compensated-pH becomes Normal **
**Partially compensated- CO2+HCO3 are BOTH ↑↓ & pH is abnormal.
** Uncompensated- ALL are abnormal**
҉ Diarrhea/DKA (fruity breathe) = Metabolic Acidosis
҉ Vomiting= Metabolic Alkalosis
҉ Hypoventilation= Respiratory Acidosis → too much CO2
҉ Hyperventilation= Respiratory Alkalosis → low CO2
Fluid & Electrolytes
Downloaded by John Wangari ()
, lOMoARcPSD|56128505
▪ Fluid Volume Deficit Fluid Volume Excess
↑hematocrit ↓ hematocrit
↓ BP ↑BP
↑ Urine specificity >1.030 ↓ urine specificity
↑ CVP (normal 4-11)
↑ BUN
o Types of solutions:
▪ Hypotonic= hydrates the cell; tap water, .45% NaCL, .33% NaCL
▪ Isotonic= stays put; D5%W, RL, NS 0.9%. *Only sterile saline for bladder
irrigation*
▪ D5W w/ KCL: should be no faster than 20 mEq/h
▪ Hypertonic= expands volume; D10%W, D5%NS, Albumin
Antidotes
⬥ Digoxin→ Digiband
⬥ Coumadin→ Vitamin K
⬥ Benzodiazepines→ Flumazenil (Tomazicon)
⬥ Mg Sulfate→ Calcium Gluconate
⬥ Heparin→ Protamine Sulfate
⬥ Tylenol→ Mucomist (17 doses + a loading dose)
⬥ Opiates (heroin/morphine)→ Narcan (Naloxone)
⬥ Cholinergic Drugs (myesthenic bradycardia)→ Atropine
⬥ Methotrexate→ Leucovorin
Pediatrics
◇ The preferred injection site for vitamin K in the newborn is the lateral aspect of
the middle third of the vastus lateralis muscle in the newborn's thigh.
Downloaded by John Wangari ()
