HOSA Pathophysiology (Latest 2025/ 2026 Updates STUDY
BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) Qs & As|
Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
,Angelman syndrome - ANSWERDeletion of normally active maternal allele. Mental
retardation, seizures, ataxia, inappropriate laughter ("happy puppet")
Canavan disease - ANSWERautosomal recessive, chromosome 17
enzyme aspartoacylase
hypotonia, poor head control, GE reflux of poor weight gain, demyelination, progressive
leukodstrophy, and death in 1st decade
coeliac disease - ANSWERprotein gluten is not properly broken down
cystic fibrosis - ANSWERHereditary condition that causes the exocrine glands to
malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the
lungs and digestive system.
down syndrome - ANSWERTrisomy 21, a condition of retardation and associated physical
disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
duchenne muscular distrophy - ANSWERA human genetic disease caused by a sex-
linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and loss of muscle tissue
hemophillia - ANSWERrare bleeding disorder in which your blood doesnt clot normally.
klinefelter's syndrome - ANSWERa chromosomal trisomy in which males have an extra X
chromosome resulting in an XXy condition; affected individuals typically have reduced
fertility
neurofibromatosis - ANSWERautosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous
neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
phenlketonuria - ANSWERA genetic disorder caused by a particular pair of homozygous
recessive genes and characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine, an amino
acid found in many high-protein foods. The resulting high blood levels of phenylalanine
cause mental retardation
polycystic kidney disease - ANSWERkidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys
containing many cysts
,sickle-cell disease - ANSWERA human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that
results in the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; characterized
by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms.
turner syndrome - ANSWERwhere females only have a single x chromosome instead of two
acne - ANSWERan inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin
alopecia - ANSWERloss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers
angioma - ANSWERa tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
athlete's foot - ANSWERFungus infection usually in the skin of the toes and soles
boil - ANSWERa painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWERMost common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules.
bowen's disease - ANSWERcarcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
callus - ANSWERan area of skin that is thick or hard from continual pressure or friction (as
the sole of the foot)
corns - ANSWERhard growths on the feet or palms of the hands
cellulitis - ANSWERan inflammation of body tissue (especially that below the skin)
characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain
dermatitis - ANSWERinflammation of the skin
dermatofibroma - ANSWERfibrous tumor of the skin
eczema - ANSWERInflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in
nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions.
erythrasma - ANSWERoften as a interdigital toe web maceration with fissures as well as
shiny or scaly brown-red patches
erysipelas - ANSWERan acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red
inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
folliculitis - ANSWERinflammation of a hair follicle
, herpes - ANSWERA viral infection causing small painful blisters and inflammation, most
commonly at the junction of skin and mucous membrane in the mouth or nose or in the
genitals
hives - ANSWERan itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-
defined red margins
impetigo - ANSWERBacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become
crusted and rupture
jock itch - ANSWERfungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
kaposi's sarcoma - ANSWERmalignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDS
keloid - ANSWERovergrowth of scar tissue
keratoacanthoma - ANSWERskin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and
resembles a carcinoma but does not spread
keratosis - ANSWERa skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
pediculosis - ANSWERlice infection
lipoma - ANSWERa tumor consisting of fatty tissue lymphadenitis -
ANSWERinflammation of lymph nodes
malignant melanoma - ANSWERMost serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by
black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or
raised.
melasma - ANSWERa tan discoloration of a woman's face that is associated with pregnancy
or with the use of oral contraceptives
miliaria - ANSWERobstruction of the sweat ducts during high heat and humidity
photoallergy - ANSWERan allergic type of sensitivity to light
psoriasis - ANSWERa chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with
scales
raynaud's disease - ANSWERThis disease is an intermittent spasm of the digital arteries &
arterioles resulting in decreased circulation to the fingers & toes, sometimes tips of nose &
ears are affected. Related to vasospastic disorders & disturbance with innervations of the
SNS.
BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) Qs & As|
Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
,Angelman syndrome - ANSWERDeletion of normally active maternal allele. Mental
retardation, seizures, ataxia, inappropriate laughter ("happy puppet")
Canavan disease - ANSWERautosomal recessive, chromosome 17
enzyme aspartoacylase
hypotonia, poor head control, GE reflux of poor weight gain, demyelination, progressive
leukodstrophy, and death in 1st decade
coeliac disease - ANSWERprotein gluten is not properly broken down
cystic fibrosis - ANSWERHereditary condition that causes the exocrine glands to
malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the
lungs and digestive system.
down syndrome - ANSWERTrisomy 21, a condition of retardation and associated physical
disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
duchenne muscular distrophy - ANSWERA human genetic disease caused by a sex-
linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and loss of muscle tissue
hemophillia - ANSWERrare bleeding disorder in which your blood doesnt clot normally.
klinefelter's syndrome - ANSWERa chromosomal trisomy in which males have an extra X
chromosome resulting in an XXy condition; affected individuals typically have reduced
fertility
neurofibromatosis - ANSWERautosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous
neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
phenlketonuria - ANSWERA genetic disorder caused by a particular pair of homozygous
recessive genes and characterized by the inability to break down phenylalanine, an amino
acid found in many high-protein foods. The resulting high blood levels of phenylalanine
cause mental retardation
polycystic kidney disease - ANSWERkidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys
containing many cysts
,sickle-cell disease - ANSWERA human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that
results in the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; characterized
by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms.
turner syndrome - ANSWERwhere females only have a single x chromosome instead of two
acne - ANSWERan inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin
alopecia - ANSWERloss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers
angioma - ANSWERa tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
athlete's foot - ANSWERFungus infection usually in the skin of the toes and soles
boil - ANSWERa painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWERMost common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules.
bowen's disease - ANSWERcarcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
callus - ANSWERan area of skin that is thick or hard from continual pressure or friction (as
the sole of the foot)
corns - ANSWERhard growths on the feet or palms of the hands
cellulitis - ANSWERan inflammation of body tissue (especially that below the skin)
characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain
dermatitis - ANSWERinflammation of the skin
dermatofibroma - ANSWERfibrous tumor of the skin
eczema - ANSWERInflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in
nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions.
erythrasma - ANSWERoften as a interdigital toe web maceration with fissures as well as
shiny or scaly brown-red patches
erysipelas - ANSWERan acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red
inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
folliculitis - ANSWERinflammation of a hair follicle
, herpes - ANSWERA viral infection causing small painful blisters and inflammation, most
commonly at the junction of skin and mucous membrane in the mouth or nose or in the
genitals
hives - ANSWERan itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-
defined red margins
impetigo - ANSWERBacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become
crusted and rupture
jock itch - ANSWERfungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
kaposi's sarcoma - ANSWERmalignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDS
keloid - ANSWERovergrowth of scar tissue
keratoacanthoma - ANSWERskin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and
resembles a carcinoma but does not spread
keratosis - ANSWERa skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
pediculosis - ANSWERlice infection
lipoma - ANSWERa tumor consisting of fatty tissue lymphadenitis -
ANSWERinflammation of lymph nodes
malignant melanoma - ANSWERMost serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by
black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or
raised.
melasma - ANSWERa tan discoloration of a woman's face that is associated with pregnancy
or with the use of oral contraceptives
miliaria - ANSWERobstruction of the sweat ducts during high heat and humidity
photoallergy - ANSWERan allergic type of sensitivity to light
psoriasis - ANSWERa chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with
scales
raynaud's disease - ANSWERThis disease is an intermittent spasm of the digital arteries &
arterioles resulting in decreased circulation to the fingers & toes, sometimes tips of nose &
ears are affected. Related to vasospastic disorders & disturbance with innervations of the
SNS.
