PET3322 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
6 levels of structural organization of the human body - answer 1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organismal level
Requirements for Life - answer 1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
1. Maintaining boundaries - answer -separation between internal and external
environment
- skin
2. Movement - answer - muscular system allows for..
*external movement via skeletal muscles
* internal movement via cardiac muscle (blood) and smooth muscle (digestion)
3. Responsiveness - answer ability to sense and respond to stimuli
4. Digestion - answer breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption of
simply molecules into blood
5. Metabolism - answer all chemical reactions occur in body cells
, - catabolism = breakdown of molecules
- anabolism = synthesis of molecules
6. Excretion - answer removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
- urea = breakdown of proteins
- CO2 from metabolism
- feces = unabsorbed foods
7. Reproduction - answer cellular level = reproduction invovles divisions of cells for
growth/repair
organismal level = production of offspring
8. Growth - answer -increase in size of body
- increase in size/# of cells
integumentary system
(skin, hair, and nails) - answer - protection
- synthesizes vitamin D
skeletal system
(bones and joints) - answer - protects and supports body organs
- provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-blood cells are formed w/in bones
- bones store mineral (Ca2+)
muscular system
(skeletal muscles) - answer - allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and
facial expression
- maintains posture, and produces heat.
nervous system
(brain, spinal cord, and nerves) - answer - fast-acting control system of the body
- responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and
glands
, Endocrine system
(thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreases, ovary, testis, pituitary gland, pineal
gland) - answer glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth,
reproduction, and metabolism by body cells
cardiovascular system
(heart and blood vessels) - answer - Heart pumps blood
- blood vessels transport blood, which carries nutrients, waste, oxygen and carbon
dioxide, etc...
Lymphatic System/Immunity
(red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, spleen, lymph nodes) - answer - picks up
fluid leaked from and blood vessels and returns it
- disposes of debris
- WBC
- attack against foreign substances w/in the body
respiratory system
(nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lung, and bronchus) - answer - keeps blood
constantly supplied w O2
- gaseous exchange occurs in air sacs of lungs
digestive system
(oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus) -
answer - breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood
- indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
urinary system
(kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra) - answer - eliminates nitrogenous wastes
- regulates water, electrolyte, acid-base balance of blood
reproductive system
VERIFIED ANSWERS
6 levels of structural organization of the human body - answer 1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organismal level
Requirements for Life - answer 1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
1. Maintaining boundaries - answer -separation between internal and external
environment
- skin
2. Movement - answer - muscular system allows for..
*external movement via skeletal muscles
* internal movement via cardiac muscle (blood) and smooth muscle (digestion)
3. Responsiveness - answer ability to sense and respond to stimuli
4. Digestion - answer breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption of
simply molecules into blood
5. Metabolism - answer all chemical reactions occur in body cells
, - catabolism = breakdown of molecules
- anabolism = synthesis of molecules
6. Excretion - answer removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
- urea = breakdown of proteins
- CO2 from metabolism
- feces = unabsorbed foods
7. Reproduction - answer cellular level = reproduction invovles divisions of cells for
growth/repair
organismal level = production of offspring
8. Growth - answer -increase in size of body
- increase in size/# of cells
integumentary system
(skin, hair, and nails) - answer - protection
- synthesizes vitamin D
skeletal system
(bones and joints) - answer - protects and supports body organs
- provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-blood cells are formed w/in bones
- bones store mineral (Ca2+)
muscular system
(skeletal muscles) - answer - allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and
facial expression
- maintains posture, and produces heat.
nervous system
(brain, spinal cord, and nerves) - answer - fast-acting control system of the body
- responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and
glands
, Endocrine system
(thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreases, ovary, testis, pituitary gland, pineal
gland) - answer glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth,
reproduction, and metabolism by body cells
cardiovascular system
(heart and blood vessels) - answer - Heart pumps blood
- blood vessels transport blood, which carries nutrients, waste, oxygen and carbon
dioxide, etc...
Lymphatic System/Immunity
(red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, spleen, lymph nodes) - answer - picks up
fluid leaked from and blood vessels and returns it
- disposes of debris
- WBC
- attack against foreign substances w/in the body
respiratory system
(nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lung, and bronchus) - answer - keeps blood
constantly supplied w O2
- gaseous exchange occurs in air sacs of lungs
digestive system
(oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus) -
answer - breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood
- indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
urinary system
(kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra) - answer - eliminates nitrogenous wastes
- regulates water, electrolyte, acid-base balance of blood
reproductive system
