PSU Psych 100 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% DEFINITVE SOLUTIONS. UPDATED 2025/2026 ALREADY GRADED 100% GUARANTEED PASS! ||LATEST VERSION

PSU Psych 100 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% DEFINITVE SOLUTIONS. UPDATED 2025/2026 ALREADY GRADED 100% GUARANTEED PASS! ||LATEST VERSION 1. goals of psychology - ANSWER description, explanation, prediction, control 2. behaviorism - ANSWER focus on observable behavior only, Pavlov, Watson, Jones 3. behavioral - ANSWER watson, pavlov, B F Skinner, focus on operant conditiong to explain how voluntary behavior is learned, punishment is reinforced 4. humanistic - ANSWER 3rd force in the field of psychology, developed as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, people have the freedom to choose their own destiny, abraham maslow and carl rogers 5. cognitive - ANSWER process of thought, memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, learning, cognitive neuroscience 6. sociocultural - ANSWER relationship between social behavior and culture, effect that people have on one another 7. biopsychological - ANSWER attributes human and animal behavior and mental events to biological factors, hormones, heredity, brain chemicals 8. evolutionary - ANSWER biological, mental traits shared by all humans, adaptive for survival of self offspring, a woman always knows her child is hers but a man does not have that same assurance 9. monochrome color blindness - ANSWER rare structural issue/functioning, no cones, non functioning cones 10. protanopia - ANSWER red, green color deficiency 11. pitch: high vs low - ANSWER high waves are close together 12. low waves further apart 13. timbre - ANSWER richness in the tone of sound 14. organ of corti - ANSWER contains the receptor cells for the sense of hearing, vibration gets converted into a neural signal that will eventually go to the brain, located in the cochlea, have hair cells that are flexible 15. gustation - ANSWER sense of taste processed in the somatasensory cortex 16. skin senses - ANSWER touch, pressure, temperature pain 17. kinesthetic sense - ANSWER location of body parts in relation to one another, sense of the location of body parts in relation to the gound and each other 18. vestibular sense - ANSWER movement, body position, the sensations of movement, balance and body position 19. figure-ground - ANSWER the tendency to perceive objects or figures as existing on a background 20. proximity - ANSWER the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as a part of the same grouping 21. similarity - ANSWER the tendency to perceive things that look similar as being part of the same group 22. closure - ANSWER the tendency to complete figures that are incomplete 23. continuity - ANSWER the tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken up pattern 24. contiguity - ANSWER the tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related 25. case study - ANSWER study of one individual in great detail, information gained cannot be applied to others, used by Freud, takes a lot of time, vulnerable to bias 26. control group - ANSWER group that is not exposed to the change that the independent variable represents 27. correlation - ANSWER a measure of the relationship between two variable (anything that could change or vary) 28. dependent variable - ANSWER variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment 29. experiment - ANSWER the deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships 30. experimental group - ANSWER subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable 31. functionalism - ANSWER early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work and play 32. Gestalt psychology - ANSWER a German word meaning patters rather than small pieces of them, study of cognitive psychology, focuses on perception, learning, memory, thought process and problem solving 33. hypothesis - ANSWER tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations 34. independent variable - ANSWER variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter 35. Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER conditioning, "Pavlov's Dog" 36. John B. Watson - ANSWER all behavior is learned by experience (compared to Freud), fear is learned when a neutral stimulus is paired with an aversive stimulus like a loud noise, "Little Albert" (fear of rat by pairing it with a loud noise) 37. laboratory observation - ANSWER Control the equipment, the subject and what happens in the environment around them, artificial situation that may result in artificial behavior 38. modern perspectives in psychology - ANSWER ... 39. naturalistic observation - ANSWER watch in their normal environment, observer effect, remaining hidden is difficult, observer bias, blind observers, good idea to have more than one observer 40. objective introspection - ANSWER process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities, brought objectivity and measurement to psychology 41. observer bias - ANSWER tendency of observers to see what they expect to see 42. observer effect - ANSWER Animals or people who know they are being watched will not behave normally 43. placebo effect - ANSWER the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior 44. psychology - ANSWER the scientific study of behavior and mental processes 45. representative sample - ANSWER randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects 46. scientific method - ANSWER a system for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data 47. Sigmund Freud - ANSWER Unconscious: mind into which we push, or repress, all of our threatening urges and desires, stressed the importance of early childhood experiences, patients with "nervous disorders"- no physical cause, psychoanalysis: theory and therapy based on Freud's work, believed people were highly influenced by unconscious processes and childhood experiences, we unconsciously repress urges that are threatening to us 48. structuralism - ANSWER study of the structure of the mind, Gestalt is a reaction to structuralism 49. Wilheim Wundt - ANSWER father of psychology, mind consists of basic elements analyzed via objective introspection, brought objectivity and measurement to psychology, non-physical elements (experience, thoughts, emotions- attempted to study systematically)